Vpr protein

spinqualitylabelsall models HIV-1 Vpr protein (cyan) complex with Human DNA damage-binding protein (grey), VPRBP (pink) and Uracyl-DNA glycosylase (yellow) (PDB code 5jk7) Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D Function Vpr protein (Vpr) or viral protein R is a 96 amino acid protein which encoded by the human Immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). HIV-1 genome includes nine genes, six of them are accessory proteins, including vpr. Vpr has several roles in the progression of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) disease, including regulation the HIV-1 pre-integration complex (PIC) nuclear import and virus replication in non-dividing macrophages. Moreover, Vpr prevents mitosis of dividing infect cells by blockade at G2 phase, when the viral promoter is more active, and induced apoptosis of these cells in G1 and M phase. Both the activities of cell cycle arrest and induce apoptosis has proven to be independence by mutations that can cause only one of these affects. Disease HIV-1 retrovirus is the cause of AIDS disease. HIV-1 is a RNA virus which copy its genome to the host-cell genome in infect cells. HIV-1 infects activated CD4 immune cells and macrophages. When the disease is expressing in carriers, the progressive depletion of CD4 T cells causes immunodeficiency. For more details about AIDS disease see AIDS in Wikipedia For details about another HIV-1 components and its replication pathway see HIV and accessory proteins. Relevance Understanding of Vpr structure and molecular mechanism may facilitate the design of HIV-1 antiviral therapy by its inhibition. Deletion of both vpr and vpx genes in SIV, which their protein products in SIV combine Vpr function in HIV-1, eliminate virus replication. The multiple significant functions that Vpr fills in HIV-1 replication makes it an attractive candidate for antiviral therapy Conservation Vpr is highly conserved in HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), similar retrovirus which infects non-human primates. In addition, all primate lentiviruses has vpr gene whose protein product has highly conserved motifs. HIV-2 and SIVsm lentiviruses have additionally gene - vpx. In these lentiviruses, vpr and vpx executes together the roles which HIV-1 vpr perform. Vpr and Vpx has low conservation between them.

3D Structures of Vpr protein

Updated on 07-April-2018

HIV-1 – Vpr - NMR - HIV-1
HIV and accessory proteins - synthetic Vpr - NMR - HIV-1
5jk7 – Vpr + DDB1 + DCAF-1 + UNG2 – X-ray solution - HIV-1
1x9v – Dimeric structure of the Vpr C-terminal domain - NMR
1vpc - C-terminal domain of Vpr - NMR - HIV-1
1fi0 - Vpr residues 13-33 in micelles - NMR - HIV-1
1bde - NMR solution of Vpr peptides connected to cell cycle arrest and nuclear provirus transfer
5b56 - Importin subunit alpha-1 + Vpr C-terminal domain - crystallographic analysis
1kzs, 1kzt, 1kzv - Vpr residues 34-51 - NMR - HIV-1
1dsj - Vpr residues 50-75 - NMR - HIV-1
1ceu - Vpr N-terminal domain - NMR - HIV-1
1dsk - Vpr residues 59-86 - NMR - HIV-1

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