Sandbox Reserved 1473: Difference between revisions

Line 34:

'''FUNCTIONS'''

GPCRs act as a bridge and communicate the conditions of the cell to the nucleus to induce transcription or affect the processivity of catalytic pathway. They bind to wide varieties of ligands such as epinephrine, glucagon, insulin, light, and sugars. Upon binding the ligand epinephrine, it causes a conformational change that leads to the exchange of the Guanine nucleotide (GDP to GTP) and that mechanism "turns" the switch on. The apha subunit then dissociate from the beta and gamma subunits and activates adenylate cyclase which makes cAMP. The cAMP activates Protein Kinase A by binding to its regulatory subunits, and that releases the catalytic subunits to further phosphorylate other proteins in the cell.

GPCRs act as a bridge and communicate the conditions of the cell to the nucleus to induce transcription or affect the processivity of catalytic pathway by activating certain enzymes. They bind to wide varieties of ligands such as epinephrine, glucagon, insulin, light, and sugars. Upon binding the ligand epinephrine, it causes a conformational change that leads to the exchange of the Guanine nucleotide (GDP to GTP) and that mechanism "turns" the switch on. The apha subunit then dissociate from the beta and gamma subunits and activates adenylate cyclase which makes cAMP. The cAMP activates Protein Kinase A by binding to its regulatory subunits, and that releases the catalytic subunits to further phosphorylate other proteins in the cell.

GPCRs control many activities in the cell including the dopamine pathway [secretes the hormone dopamine; which is involved in reward, learning], the rhodopsin pathway [involved in vision], etc. All these pathways play vital roles and are very crucial for survival.

"ENERGETICS"

Experimental studies have shown that GPCRs do trigger cellular activities in their unbound states at a minimum basal levels. Studies have also shown that even when bound to agonists, GPCRs express characteristics that range from inactive to a continuum of partially active structures in the absence of the G protein. This means that the presence of the agonist plays an important role in the activation of GPCRs.

"DISEASE"

~~Manu~~ GPCRs have become targets of many pharmaceutical drugs because ~~they control~~ many metabolic activities in the cell.

Many GPCRs have become drug targets of many pharmaceutical drugs because of their central role in controlling many metabolic activities in the cell. Diseases including cancer, diabetes, alzheimer's, sleep deprivation and many others are treated by exploiting the druggability of GPCRs and how they mediate their responses to hormones, cytokines, and neurotransmitters. Of all drugs on the market that have been

approved by the CDC, about 35% elicit their potency and mediate their effects through GPCRs.

It has been postulated tha

Sandbox Reserved 1473: Difference between revisions

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@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 '''FUNCTIONS'''
-GPCRs act as a bridge and communicate the conditions of the cell to the nucleus to induce transcription or affect the processivity of catalytic pathway. They bind to wide varieties of ligands such as epinephrine, glucagon, insulin, light, and sugars. Upon binding the ligand epinephrine, it causes a conformational change that leads to the exchange of the Guanine nucleotide (GDP to GTP) and that mechanism "turns" the switch on. The apha subunit then dissociate from the beta and gamma subunits and activates adenylate cyclase which makes cAMP. The cAMP activates Protein Kinase A by binding to its regulatory subunits, and that releases the catalytic subunits to further phosphorylate other proteins in the cell.
+GPCRs act as a bridge and communicate the conditions of the cell to the nucleus to induce transcription or affect the processivity of catalytic pathway by activating certain enzymes. They bind to wide varieties of ligands such as epinephrine, glucagon, insulin, light, and sugars. Upon binding the ligand epinephrine, it causes a conformational change that leads to the exchange of the Guanine nucleotide (GDP to GTP) and that mechanism "turns" the switch on. The apha subunit then dissociate from the beta and gamma subunits and activates adenylate cyclase which makes cAMP. The cAMP activates Protein Kinase A by binding to its regulatory subunits, and that releases the catalytic subunits to further phosphorylate other proteins in the cell.
+GPCRs control many activities in the cell including the dopamine pathway [secretes the hormone dopamine; which is involved in reward, learning], the rhodopsin pathway [involved in vision], etc. All these pathways play vital roles and are very crucial for survival.
+"ENERGETICS"
+Experimental studies have shown that GPCRs do trigger cellular activities in their unbound states at a minimum basal levels. Studies have also shown that even when bound to agonists, GPCRs express characteristics that range from inactive to a continuum of partially active structures in the absence of the G protein. This means that the presence of the agonist plays an important role in the activation of GPCRs.
 "DISEASE"
-Manu GPCRs have become targets of many pharmaceutical drugs because they control many metabolic activities in the cell.
+Many GPCRs have become drug targets of many pharmaceutical drugs because of their central role in controlling many metabolic activities in the cell. Diseases including cancer, diabetes, alzheimer's, sleep deprivation and many others are treated by exploiting the druggability of GPCRs and how they mediate their responses to hormones, cytokines, and neurotransmitters. Of all drugs on the market that have been
+approved by the CDC, about 35% elicit their potency and mediate their effects through GPCRs.
+It has been postulated tha