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===Medical Applications===

There are many medical applications for the cyclooxygenase isozymes. COX-1 is responsible for platelet aggregation and gastric acidity.<ref name="Orlando" /> COX-2 is involved in pathways that lead to inflammation (swelling), pain, and fever.<ref name="Orlando" /> Inhibiting either or both of these enzymes can be beneficial. Inhibiting COX-1 for a brief period can reduce platelet aggregation, but if COX-1 is inhibited too long, gastric damage such as ulcers and bleeding can occur.<ref name="Orlando" /> Inhibitors that bind specifically to COX-1 or inhibitors that bind nonspecifically to the cyclooxygenases need to be small dosage and not for elongated periods of time. Inhibiting COX-2 can reduce swelling, pain, and fever.<ref name="Orlando" /> However, COX-2 is involved in both the initiation of inflammation and the resolution of inflammation, so it cannot be inhibited for long periods of time either in the chance that the inflammation resolution will not occur.<ref name="Smith" /> Both isozymes are expressed in the female reproductive system.<ref name="Smith" /> A study on rats revealed that overexpression of the COX-2 enzyme increased the chance of tumor development during pregnancy and lactation in mammary glands.(Liu) COX-2 is expressed when it is induced from a signal molecule while COX-1 is constitutively expressed.<ref name="Smith" /> Both isozymes can be expressed in the same cell, but COX-2 will be predominately active since it is inducible and COX-1 is always expressed.<ref name="Smith" />

== Structure ==

Sandbox Reserved 1471: Difference between revisions

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 ===Medical Applications===
+There are many medical applications for the cyclooxygenase isozymes. COX-1 is responsible for platelet aggregation and gastric acidity.<ref name="Orlando" /> COX-2 is involved in pathways that lead to inflammation (swelling), pain, and fever.<ref name="Orlando" /> Inhibiting either or both of these enzymes can be beneficial. Inhibiting COX-1 for a brief period can reduce platelet aggregation, but if COX-1 is inhibited too long, gastric damage such as ulcers and bleeding can occur.<ref name="Orlando" /> Inhibitors that bind specifically to COX-1 or inhibitors that bind nonspecifically to the cyclooxygenases need to be small dosage and not for elongated periods of time. Inhibiting COX-2 can reduce swelling, pain, and fever.<ref name="Orlando" /> However, COX-2 is involved in both the initiation of inflammation and the resolution of inflammation, so it cannot be inhibited for long periods of time either in the chance that the inflammation resolution will not occur.<ref name="Smith" /> Both isozymes are expressed in the female reproductive system.<ref name="Smith" /> A study on rats revealed that overexpression of the COX-2 enzyme increased the chance of tumor development during pregnancy and lactation in mammary glands.(Liu) COX-2 is expressed when it is induced from a signal molecule while COX-1 is constitutively expressed.<ref name="Smith" /> Both isozymes can be expressed in the same cell, but COX-2 will be predominately active since it is inducible and COX-1 is always expressed.<ref name="Smith" />
 == Structure ==