RNA: Difference between revisions
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'''RNA''' ('''r'''ibo'''n'''ucleic '''a'''cid) is a biological macromolecule that stores and processes genetic information, catalyzes chemical reactions and regulates biological processes. Just like the other nucleic acid DNA, it is a linear polymer (a "strand") of nucleotide building blocks. These building blocks themselves are made up of a sugar linked to a (nitrogenous) base and a phosphate. | '''RNA''' ('''r'''ibo'''n'''ucleic '''a'''cid) is a biological macromolecule that stores and processes genetic information, catalyzes chemical reactions and regulates biological processes. Just like the other nucleic acid (DNA), it is a linear polymer (a "strand") of nucleotide building blocks. These building blocks themselves are made up of a sugar linked to a (nitrogenous) base and a phosphate. RNA utilizes a different set of bases than DNA, and it sugar (ribose) contains one additional hydroxyl group compared to that of DNA (deoxyribose). Different than DNA, which mostly occurs in pairs of complementary strands in its biological context, RNA mostly lacks a complimentary strand, leading to a larger variety of 3D structures and biological functions. | ||
<!-- '''ribonucleic acid''' or ''RNA''' is a molecule which is one of the carriers of genetic information in nearly all the living organisms. It contains the biological instructions for the development, survival and reproduction of organisms. | <!-- '''ribonucleic acid''' or ''RNA''' is a molecule which is one of the carriers of genetic information in nearly all the living organisms. It contains the biological instructions for the development, survival and reproduction of organisms. | ||
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##<scene name='49/491851/Intronii/1'>Introns</scene> | ##<scene name='49/491851/Intronii/1'>Introns</scene> | ||
##Translation: <scene name='49/491851/Ribosomal/1'>ribosomal RNA</scene> (<jmol><jmolLink><script> select rna; selectionHalos ON; delay 0.5;selectionHalos OFF;</script><text>⚞RNA⚟</text></jmolLink> </jmol>) | ##Translation: <scene name='49/491851/Ribosomal/1'>ribosomal RNA</scene> (<jmol><jmolLink><script> select rna; selectionHalos ON; delay 0.5;selectionHalos OFF;</script><text>⚞RNA⚟</text></jmolLink> </jmol>) | ||
##Translation: <scene name='43/433638/Wireframe/5'>tRNA</scene> | |||
#Catalysis: <scene name='49/491851/Ribozyme/1'>Ribozymes</scene> | #Catalysis: <scene name='49/491851/Ribozyme/1'>Ribozymes</scene> | ||
#Regulation | #Regulation | ||
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</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
===Chemistry=== | |||
#Base: flat, aromatic, hydrogen-bonding capability, base modifications, base pairing, base stacking | |||
#Sugar phosphate backbone: torsion angles, sugar pucker, phosphate-phosphate distance | |||
===Transcription and Translation=== | ===Transcription and Translation=== | ||
The expression of genes into proteins and is a process involving two stages called transcription and translation. In the transcription stage a strand of DNA molecule serves as a template for the synthesis of an [[RNA]] molecule called messenger RNA. In the case of RNAs that code for polypetides, this messenger [[RNA]] is then translated into proteins on [[Ribosome|ribosomes]]. | The expression of genes into proteins and is a process involving two stages called transcription and translation. In the transcription stage a strand of DNA molecule serves as a template for the synthesis of an [[RNA]] molecule called messenger RNA. In the case of RNAs that code for polypetides, this messenger [[RNA]] is then translated into proteins on [[Ribosome|ribosomes]]. | ||
