Sandbox Reserved 1491: Difference between revisions

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[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDM4C KDM4C] is a '''histone demethylase''' involved in the specific demethylation of trimethylated residues (Lys 9 and Lys 36 of histone 3).  
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDM4C KDM4C] is a '''histone demethylase''' involved in the specific demethylation of trimethylated residues (Lys 9 and Lys 36 of histone 3).  
These marks are specific tags for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics epigenetic] activation.  
These marks are specific tags for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics epigenetic] activation and repression.  
KDM4C plays a main role in the modification of cell cycle genes expression and thus involved in the growth of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_cell tumoral cells].  
KDM4C plays a main role in the modification of cell cycle genes expression and thus involved in the growth of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_cell tumoral cells].  
<StructureSection load='2xml' size='340' side='right' caption='Structure of 2xml - monomeric domain of KDM4C' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='2xml' size='340' side='right' caption='Structure of 2xml - monomeric domain of KDM4C' scene=''>
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== Epigenetic ==
== Epigenetic ==


Some proteins directly involved in the modification of genes expression without altering changes in the nucleotide sequence. They can modify the chromatin structure by adding (histone acetylase, methylase, phosphorylase) , reading (bromodomain, chromodomain) or removing (histone demethylase, acetylase).
Specific enzymes are directly involved in the modification of genes expression without altering the nucleotide sequence. They can modify the chromatin structure by '''adding''' (writers), '''reading''' (readers) or '''removing''' (erasers) marks : acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation... These marks can either make the gene sequence more or less accessible depending on their nature, histones and labelled amino acids. All combinations of the nature and the localization of these epigenetic marks form the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_code histone code].


These epigenetic marks can be defined as features not directly governed by the genetic code including covalent modification of histone proteins. The latter may be tagged with different biochemical groups such as methyl, acetyl or ubiquitin. These groups and their particular pattern of protein modification modify the function of the tagged proteins and influence the way genes are expressed.  
KDM4C is a histone demethylase. This newly discovered class of proteins plays a central role in the histone modifications : it removes the methyl group (which is very stable) from the epigenetically modified amino acid. Its actions has directed consequences on gene expression. By removing one methyl group from a trimethylated Lysine 9 of histone 3 (H3K9me3, KDM4C promotes the formation of euchromatin and therefore '''transcriptional activation'''. However, KDM4C indirectly condenses chromatin by removing one methyl group from a trimethylated Lysine 36 of histone 3 (H3K36) leading to the repression of target genes expression.


KDM4C is a histone demethylase which plays a central role in the regulation of histone proteins modifications by removing methyl groups from epigenetic marks. Its actions has directed consequences on gene expression and therefore on heritable phenotype. By removing repressive histone marks (H3K9me3 and H3K36me3) from target genes KDM4C promotes the formation of euchromatin and therefore transcriptional activation.


== Disease ==
== Disease ==
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