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| == Function == | | == Function == |
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| '''Bacteriorhodopsin''' (Br) is a membrane protein in Archaea which moves protons across the cell membrane. See also [[Bacteriorhodopsin (Hebrew)]]. | | '''Bacteriorhodopsin''' (Br) is a membrane protein in Archaea which moves protons across the cell membrane. See also [[Bacteriorhodopsin (Hebrew)]].<br /> |
| | '''Halorhodopsin''' uses light energy to pump chloride through biological membranes in Haloarchaea<ref>PMID:19603754</ref>.<br /> |
| | '''Sensory rhodopsin''' uses light energy to pump calcium ions through biological membranes. They are ubiquitous and use retinal as their chromophore<ref>PMID:17005405</ref>.<br /> |
| | '''Xanthorhodopsin''' is a light-driven proton pump which uses the carotenoid salinixanthin as a second chromophore<ref>PMID:18515067</ref>.<br /> |
| | '''Archaerhodopsin''' responds to yellow or green light by pumping protons out of cells and are used as optogenetic tools<ref>PMID:27524609</ref>.<br /> |
| | '''Proteorhodopsins''' are the most abundant retinal-based photoreceptors. It is found in many marine bacteria<ref>PMID:24060527</ref>.<br /> |
| | '''Deltarhodopsin''' is a light-driven proton pump found in the archaebacteria ''Halloterrigena turkmenica''<ref>PMID:23567447</ref>.<br /> |
| | '''Xenorhodopsin''' is an enigmatic new class of microbial rhodopsins<ref>PMID:21985229</ref>.<br /> |
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| == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
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| </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| == 3D Structures of bacteriorhodopsin ==
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| Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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| {{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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| *Bacteriorhodopsin
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| **[[1bct]] - HsBr residues 163-231 – ''Halobacterium salinarum'' - NMR<br />
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| **[[1bha]], [[1bhb]] - HsBr residues 1-71 - NMR<br />
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| **[[1l0m]]– Br (mutant) – ''Halobacterium halobium'' – NMR<br />
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| **[[4pxk]] - Br (mutant) – ''Haloarcula marismortui''<br />
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| **[[4qi1]], [[4qid]], [[5itc]], [[5ite]], [[5kkh]] – HwBr-I – ''Haloquadratum walsbyi''<br />
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| **[[4wav]] – HwBr-I (mutant)<br />
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| **[[5azd]] – Br – ''Thermus thermophilus''<br />
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| *Bacteriorhodopsin complexes
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| **[[2ntu]], [[1py6]], [[1fbb]], [[1fbk]], [[1brx]], [[1ap9]], [[1at9]], [[5br2]], [[5br5]] - HsBr + retinal <br />
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| **[[1brd]] - HsBr + retinal – Cryo EM<br />
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| **[[2wjk]], [[2wjl]], [[3vhz]], [[1s8l]], [[3t45]] - HsBr (mutant) + lipid + retinal<br />
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| **[[3han]], [[2hao]], [[3hap]], [[3haq]], [[3har]], [[3has]], [[3coc]], [[3cod]], [[1tn5]], [[1tn0]], [[1s51]], [[1s52]], [[1s53]], [[1s54]], [[1q5i]], [[1q5j]], [[1pxr]], [[1pxs]], [[3hao]], [[3utv]], [[3utw]], [[3utx]], [[3uty]] - HsBr (mutant) + retinal<br />
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| **[[4md1]], [[4md2]], [[4ov0]], [[5vn7]], [[5vn9]] - HsBr + lipid<br />
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| **[[3ns0]], [[3nsb]], [[3mbv]], [[1x0s]], [[1x0i]], [[1x0k]], [[1xji]], [[1iw6]], [[4fpd]], [[2i1x]], [[1kme]], [[1qm8]], [[1bm1]], [[1brr]], [[2brd]], [[4hyx]], [[4xxj]], [[4y9h]], [[5a44]], [[5a45]], [[5b34]], [[5b35]], [[5b6v]], [[5b6w]], [[5b6x]], [[5b6y]], [[5b6z]], [[5h2h]], [[5h2i]], [[5h2j]], [[5h2k]], [[5h2l]], [[5h2m]], [[5h2n]], [[5h2o]], [[5h2p]], [[5j7a]], [[6g7h]], [[6g7i]], [[6g7j]], [[6g7k]], [[6g7l]], [[4x31]], [[4x32]], [[1c3w]], [[5zil]], [[5zim]], [[5zin]] – HsBr + lipid + retinal<br />
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| **[[2at9]] - HsBr + lipid + retinal – Cryo EM<br />
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| **[[1s8j]]- HsBr (mutant) + lipid + NO3 + retinal<br />
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| **[[1mgy]] - HsBr (mutant) + lipid + Br + retinal<br />
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| **[[1qhj]] - HsBr + phytanyl derivavative + retinal<br />
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| **[[4hwl]] – HsBr + heptane + hexane + retinal<br />
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| **[[4hwl]] – HsBr + decane + hexane + tetradecane + octane + retinal<br />
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| **[[1r84]], [[1r2n]] - HsBr + retinal – NMR<br />
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| **[[1f50]], [[1c8r]] - HsBr-BR (mutant) + lipid + retinal <br />
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| **[[1m0k]], [[1m0l]], [[1ixf]], [[2zfe]]- HsBr-K + lipid + retinal<br />
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| **[[1e0p]], [[2ntw]], [[1vjm]] - HsBr-L + retinal<br />
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| **[[1ucq]], [[1iw9]], [[1o0a]] – HsBr-L + lipid + retinal<br />
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| **[[1kg8]], [[1kg9]], [[1kgb]], [[1dze]], [[1cwq]], [[2zzl]], [[2i20]], [[2i21]], [[1p8h]], [[1m0m]] - HsBr-M + lipid + retinal<br />
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| **[[1f4z]], [[1c8s]], [[1p8i]] - HsBr-M (mutant) + lipid + retinal<br />
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| **[[1p8u]] – HsBr-N (mutant) + lipid + retinal<br />
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| **[[1jv6]], [[1jv7]], [[3vi0]] - HsBr-O (mutant) + lipid + retinal<br />
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| **[[1qko]], [[1qkp]] - HsBr + retinal<br />
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| **[[5jsi]] – Br + lipid – ''Candidatus actinomarina''<br />
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| **[[5uk6]] – Br + lipid – Nostoc - NMR<br />
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| *Halorhodopsin
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| **[[3abw]], [[3a7k]], [[3vvk]] – NpBr+ N3 + bacterioruberin + detergent + retinal – ''Natronomonas pharaonis''<br />
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| **[[3qbg]], [[3qbi]], [[3qbk]], [[3qbl]], [[5etz]] - NpBr + bacterioruberin + detergent + retinal<br />
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| **[[5b0w]] - NpBr + bacterioruberin + detergent + retinal + Ile<br />
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| **[[4qry]] - NpBr + Br + detergent + retinal<br />
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| **[[5ahy]], [[5ahz]], [[5g36]] - HsBr + detergent + retinal<br />
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| **[[2jaf]], [[2jag]], [[1e12]] - HsBr (mutant) + lipid+ retinal<br />
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| *Sensory rhodopsin II
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| **[[2ksy]] – NpBr – NMR<BR />
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| **[[2f93]], [[2f95]], [[1h2s]] - BpBr + Br transducer + detergent + retinal<br />
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| **[[3qap]], [[3qdc]] - NpBr + eicosane + lipid + retinal<br />
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| **[[4gyc]], [[5jje]], [[5jjf]], [[5jjj]], [[5jjn]] - NpBr + retinal + eicosane + lipid + Br transducer<br />
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| **[[1gu8]], [[1gue]], [[1h68]], [[1jgj]] - NpBr + retinal<br />
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| **[[1xio]] - AnBr + detergent + retinal - ''Anabaena''<br />
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| **[[4tl3]] - AnBr (mutant) + detergent + retinal<br />
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| **[[2m3g]] - AnBr + detergent - NMR<br />
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| *Xanthorhodopsin
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| **[[3ddl]] – Br + detergent + salinixanthin + retinal – ''Salinibacter ruber''
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| *Archaerhodopsin
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| **[[2ei4]], [[2z55]] – HaBr + bacterioruberin + detergent + retinal – ''Halobacterium''<br />
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| **[[1vgo]] - HaBr + detergent + retinal<br />
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| **[[1uaz]] - HaBr + retinal<br />
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| *Blue-light absorbing proteorhodopsin
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| **[[4kly]], [[4knf]] - GpPRn + retinal<br />
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| **[[4jq6]] – PRn + retinal + lipid - uncultured bacteria<br />
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| *Green-light absorbing proteorhodopsin
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| **[[2l6x]] - GpPRn + detergents + retinal – ''Gamma proteobacterium''<br />
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| **[[5abb]] – PRn residues 19-83 + protein translocase – Escherichia coli<br />
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| *Deltarhodopsin
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| **[[4fbz]] - Rn + bacterioruberin + retinal – ''Haloterrigena thermotolerans''<br />
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| *Xenorhodopsin
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| **[[6eyu]] - Rn + eicosane + lipid + retinal – ''Nanosalina''<br />
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| }}
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| ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
| *[[Rhodopsin]] | | *[[Rhodopsin]] |
| *[[G protein-coupled receptor]] | | *[[G protein-coupled receptor]] |
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| == References == | | == References == |
