Sandbox Reserved 1096: Difference between revisions

==General Description==

'''''Protein Arginine Deiminase type 2 ''''' also known as '''''PAD2''''', is a calcium-dependent [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme enzyme] that catalyzes in humans the conversion of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arginine Arginine] residues into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrulline Citrulline] in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-translational_modification post-translational modification] referred to as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrullination Citrullination]. The structure of '''''PAD2 Apoenzyme''''' described here was elucidated at a calcium concentration of 0mM (Ca2+) with a resolution of 1.657 Å by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography x-ray diffraction cristallography]<ref name="PDB">[https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4N20</ref> . The biological assembly of PAD2 consists of a head-to-tail dimer with immunoglobin-like domains and a nucleophilic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cysteine cysteine] residue responsible of catalytic activity in the active site <ref name="ART1">DOI:10.1021/cb500933j</ref>. In humans, five genes clustered in a single locus code for Arginine deiminases: ''PADI1,PADI2,PADI3,PADI4,PADI6''<ref name="ARTFr">DOI:10.1051/medsci/201127149</ref>. Expression of different [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_isoform isoforms] of PAD seem to depend strongly on cell types and tissues even though PAD2 may be an ubiquist protein <ref name="ARTFr" />. Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase type 2 appears to have an essential role in the development of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancer Breast Cancer] <ref name="ART1" />, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis(MS)]<ref name="ARTMS">DOI:10.1051/medsci/201127149</ref> and other degenerative disorders such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis] <ref name="ARTFr" /> thus making it a potential target for inhibitor design treatments. Related structures for PAD2 include: [[4n2b]] and [[4n2c]].