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== Relevance ==

In a healthy individual, insulin secreted in response to high blood glucose levels is bound by insulin receptors throughout the body ~~and initiate~~ a robust physiological response. Without properly functioning insulin receptors that can respond to increases in insulin, and therefore glucose, medical intervention is necessary for survival.

In a healthy individual, insulin secreted in response to high blood glucose levels is bound by insulin receptors throughout the body which initiates a robust physiological response. Without properly functioning insulin receptors that can respond to increases in insulin, and therefore glucose, medical intervention is necessary for survival.

=== Disease ===

~~One~~ of the most common diseases involving the insulin receptor in regards to glucose uptake and homeostasis is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Diabetes diabetes mellitus]. There are two types of diabetes- which are referred to as type 1 and type 2 diabetes.~~ Type 1 diabetes is classified as "insulin dependent" and ~~is characterized by~~ an inability for the body to produce insulin~~. This is most often the result of~~ damage or insufficiency in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes is classified as "insulin independent" and is the result of the body producing insufficient amounts of insulin, or not responding to the insulin. ~~This often occurs because of high blood~~-~~glucose levels~~. ~~Both types of~~ diabetes ~~are~~ often treated with insulin injections, and diet and lifestyle changes. <ref name="Wilcox"> PMID:16278749</ref> <ref name= "Riddle"> PMID: 6351440</ref>.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes diabetes mellitus] is one of the most common diseases involving the insulin receptor in regards to glucose uptake and homeostasis. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_1_diabetes Type 1 diabetes] is classified as "insulin dependent" and involves an inability for the body to produce insulin, resulting from damage or insufficiency in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes is classified as "insulin independent" and is the result of the body producing insufficient amounts of insulin, or not responding to the insulin. There are many molecular mechanisms that cause type 2 diabetes including inflammation which decreases tyrosine kinase activity and point mutations in the insulin receptor and insulin-signaling molecules <ref name= "Boucher"> PMID:24384568</ref>. Type 1 diabetes is often treated with insulin injections, and type 2 diabetes is treated with diet and lifestyle changes. <ref name="Wilcox"> PMID:16278749</ref> <ref name= "Riddle"> PMID: 6351440</ref>.

===At the Cellular Level===

Sandbox Reserved 1627: Difference between revisions

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@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 == Relevance ==
-In a healthy individual, insulin secreted in response to high blood glucose levels is bound by insulin receptors throughout the body and initiate a robust physiological response. Without properly functioning insulin receptors that can respond to increases in insulin, and therefore glucose, medical intervention is necessary for survival.
+In a healthy individual, insulin secreted in response to high blood glucose levels is bound by insulin receptors throughout the body which initiates a robust physiological response. Without properly functioning insulin receptors that can respond to increases in insulin, and therefore glucose, medical intervention is necessary for survival.
 === Disease ===
-One of the most common diseases involving the insulin receptor in regards to glucose uptake and homeostasis is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes diabetes mellitus]. There are two types of diabetes- which are referred to as type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is classified as "insulin dependent" and is characterized by an inability for the body to produce insulin. This is most often the result of damage or insufficiency in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes is classified as "insulin independent" and is the result of the body producing insufficient amounts of insulin, or not responding to the insulin. This often occurs because of high blood-glucose levels. Both types of diabetes are often treated with insulin injections, and diet and lifestyle changes. <ref name="Wilcox"> PMID:16278749</ref> <ref name= "Riddle"> PMID: 6351440</ref>.
+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes diabetes mellitus] is one of the most common diseases involving the insulin receptor in regards to glucose uptake and homeostasis. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_1_diabetes Type 1 diabetes] is classified as "insulin dependent" and involves an inability for the body to produce insulin, resulting from damage or insufficiency in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes is classified as "insulin independent" and is the result of the body producing insufficient amounts of insulin, or not responding to the insulin. There are many molecular mechanisms that cause type 2 diabetes including inflammation which decreases tyrosine kinase activity and point mutations in the insulin receptor and insulin-signaling molecules <ref name= "Boucher"> PMID:24384568</ref>. Type 1 diabetes is often treated with insulin injections, and type 2 diabetes is treated with diet and lifestyle changes. <ref name="Wilcox"> PMID:16278749</ref> <ref name= "Riddle"> PMID: 6351440</ref>.
 ===At the Cellular Level===