Sandbox Reserved 1606: Difference between revisions
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ABCG2 hinders cancer treatment by contributing to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_drug_resistance multidrug resistance] in tumor cells. ABCG2 exports xenbiotics, including vital anti-cancer drugs, which results in the inability to treat cancer cells. Cancer patients typically show high levels of expression of multiple ABC transporters. For example, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia acute myeloid leukemia] (AML) has an increased expression of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-glycoprotein ABCB1], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCG1 ABCG1], and ABCG2 while childhood AML shows an increased expression in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCA3 ABCA3], ABCB1, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCC3 ABCC3], and ABCG2.<ref name="Marzac"/><ref name="Bartholomae"/> Additionally, pancreatic cancer has shown an upregulation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCB4 ABCB4], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCB11 ABCB11], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCC1 ABCC1], ABCC3, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCC5 ABCC5], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCC10 ABCC10], and ABCG2.<ref name="Mohelnikova-Duchonova"/> | ABCG2 hinders cancer treatment by contributing to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_drug_resistance multidrug resistance] in tumor cells. ABCG2 exports xenbiotics, including vital anti-cancer drugs, which results in the inability to treat cancer cells. Cancer patients typically show high levels of expression of multiple ABC transporters. For example, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia acute myeloid leukemia] (AML) has an increased expression of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-glycoprotein ABCB1], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCG1 ABCG1], and ABCG2 while childhood AML shows an increased expression in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCA3 ABCA3], ABCB1, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCC3 ABCC3], and ABCG2.<ref name="Marzac"/><ref name="Bartholomae"/> Additionally, pancreatic cancer has shown an upregulation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCB4 ABCB4], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCB11 ABCB11], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCC1 ABCC1], ABCC3, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCC5 ABCC5], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCC10 ABCC10], and ABCG2.<ref name="Mohelnikova-Duchonova"/> | ||
The substrate specificity among ABC transporters varies so this protein family can collectively export a wide variety of substrates and, ultimately, a wide variety of anticancer drugs. ABCG2 has been known to export anticancer drugs such [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methotrexate methotrexate], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitoxantrone mitoxantrone], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topotecan topotecan], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irinotecan irinotecan], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvocidib flavopiridol]<ref name="Mao"/>. Due to the high expression of multiple ABC transporters in cancer cells, simultaneous treatment of multiple transporters would likely be necessary for successful cancer treatment. | The substrate specificity among ABC transporters varies, so this protein family can collectively export a wide variety of substrates and, ultimately, a wide variety of anticancer drugs. ABCG2 has been known to export anticancer drugs such [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methotrexate methotrexate], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitoxantrone mitoxantrone], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topotecan topotecan], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irinotecan irinotecan], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvocidib flavopiridol]<ref name="Mao"/>. Due to the high expression of multiple ABC transporters in cancer cells, simultaneous treatment of multiple transporters would likely be necessary for successful cancer treatment. | ||
===Inhibitors=== | ===Inhibitors=== | ||
