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== '''[1.1] The Retinoid (Visual) Cycle ''' ==
== '''[1.1] The Retinoid (Visual) Cycle ''' ==


For humans to see, the retinoid (visual) cycle converts incident light entering into the eye to electrochemical signals that can be transmitted to the brain as neuronal impulses. The chemical reactions that take place within the retinoid cycle allows the regeneration of key intermediates to allow for vision to take place. Dysregulation of these chemical processes, associated with disease, can lead to alterations in vision and blindness. Age related macular degeneration is an example of the dysregulation within the retinoid cycle. The 3-dimensional binding site of bovine RPE65 to an exogenous substrate (''R'')-emixustat shown in '''Figure 1A''' and '''Figure 1B''', was a tested drug treatment for dry age related macular degeneration.  
For humans to see, the retinoid (visual) cycle converts incident light entering in the eye into electrochemical signals that can be transmitted to the brain as neuronal impulses. The chemical reactions that take place within the retinoid cycle allows the regeneration of key intermediates to allow for vision to take place. Dysregulation of these chemical processes along with gene mutations is associated with disease. These diseases often lead to an alterations in vision causing blindness. Age related macular degeneration is an example of the dysregulation within the retinoid cycle. The 3-dimensional binding site of bovine RPE65 to an exogenous substrate (''R'')-emixustat shown in '''Figure 1A''' and '''Figure 1B'''. '''Figure 1C''' shows an the surface of bovine RPE65 where (''R'')-emixustat would enter to access the internal binding pocket of RPE65. Both '''Figure 1B''' and '''Figure 1C''' was generated using PyMol. (''R'')-emixustat is a drug candidate that was tested for the treatment of dry age related macular degeneration.  


[[Image:RPE65_Emixustat_and_Palmitate_PyMOL.jpg|thumb|center|512 px|alt=Figure 1B: Emixustat and palmitate ester in Binding Pocket| '''Figure 1B:''' Bovine RPE65 Binding Pocket with Emixustat and palmitate ester generated in PyMOL using PDB: ''4RSV'']]
[[Image:RPE65_Emixustat_and_Palmitate_PyMOL.jpg|thumb|center|512 px|alt=Figure 1B: Emixustat and palmitate ester in Binding Pocket| '''Figure 1B:''' Bovine RPE65 Binding Pocket with Emixustat and palmitate ester generated in PyMOL using PDB: ''4RSV'']]