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| *Apo lactoferrin | | *Apo lactoferrin |
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| | **[[1cb6]], [[1lfg]], [[1lfh]] – hLTF - human<BR /> |
| | **[[1u62]], [[1xv4]], [[1xv7]], [[1z6v]], [[1z6w]] - hLTF peptide – NMR<BR /> |
| **[[1i6b]], [[1b7u]] – hoLTF – horse<BR /> | | **[[1i6b]], [[1b7u]] – hoLTF – horse<BR /> |
| **[[1dtz]] – cLTF - camel<BR /> | | **[[1dtz]] – cLTF - camel<BR /> |
| **[[1cb6]], [[1lfg]], [[1lfh]] – hLTF - human<BR />
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| **[[1u62]], [[1xv4]], [[1xv7]], [[1z6v]], [[1z6w]] - hLTF peptide – NMR<BR />
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| **[[1lfc]] – bLTF residues 17-41 – bovine – NMR<br /> | | **[[1lfc]] – bLTF residues 17-41 – bovine – NMR<br /> |
| **[[1y58]], [[1y5c]] - bLTF residues 4-14 – NMR<br />
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| **[[4oqo]] – bLTF C lobe<br /> | | **[[4oqo]] – bLTF C lobe<br /> |
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| *Lactoferrin | | *Lactoferrin |
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| | **[[2bjj]], [[1sqy]], [[1n76]]– hLTF + 2Fe<br /> |
| | **[[1b0l]] - hLTF (mutant) + 2Fe<br /> |
| | **[[1fck]] – hLTF + 2Ce<BR /> |
| | **[[1lfi]] - hLTF + 2Cu<BR /> |
| | **[[1lct]] - hLTF N lobe + 2Fe<br /> |
| | **[[1h43]], [[1h44]], [[1h45]], [[1l5t]], [[1eh3]], [[1vfd]], [[1vfe]], [[1hse]], [[1dsn]] - hLTF N lobe (mutant) + 2Fe<br /> |
| **[[1blf]] – bLTF + 2Fe <BR /> | | **[[1blf]] – bLTF + 2Fe <BR /> |
| **[[1sdx]] - bLTF C lobe + 3Zn<BR /> | | **[[1sdx]] - bLTF C lobe + 3Zn<BR /> |
| | **[[5cry]], [[5hbc]] - bLTF C lobe + Fe+3<br /> |
| **[[1nkx]], [[3u8q]] - bLTF C lobe + 2Zn + Fe<br /> | | **[[1nkx]], [[3u8q]] - bLTF C lobe + 2Zn + Fe<br /> |
| **[[1b1x]], [[1f9b]] – hoLTF + 2Fe<br /> | | **[[1b1x]], [[1f9b]] – hoLTF + 2Fe<br /> |
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| **[[1ce2]], [[1biy]] – buLTF + 2Fe - buffalo<BR /> | | **[[1ce2]], [[1biy]] – buLTF + 2Fe - buffalo<BR /> |
| **[[1i6q]] – cLTF + 2Fe<br /> | | **[[1i6q]] – cLTF + 2Fe<br /> |
| **[[2bjj]], [[1sqy]], [[1n76]]– hLTF + 2Fe<br />
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| **[[1b0l]] - hLTF (mutant) + 2Fe<br />
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| **[[1fck]] – hLTF + 2Ce<BR />
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| **[[1lfi]] - hLTF + 2Cu<BR />
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| **[[1lct]] - hLTF N lobe + 2Fe<br />
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| **[[1h43]], [[1h44]], [[1h45]], [[1l5t]], [[1eh3]], [[1vfd]], [[1vfe]], [[1hse]], [[1dsn]] - hLTF N lobe (mutant) + 2Fe<br />
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| **[[1jw1]] – LTF + 2Fe – goat | | **[[1jw1]] – LTF + 2Fe – goat |
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| *Lactoferrin binary complex | | *Lactoferrin binary complex |
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| | **[[1bka]] - hLTF + 2Fe + oxalate<BR /> |
| | **[[1lcf]] - hLTF + 2Cu + oxalate<BR /> |
| | **[[2pms]] – hLTF N lobe + PSPA transferring-binding domain + 2Zn + 2Fe<br /> |
| **[[3sdf]] – bLTF C lobe + lipoteichoic acid + 2Zn + Fe<br /> | | **[[3sdf]] – bLTF C lobe + lipoteichoic acid + 2Zn + Fe<br /> |
| **[[4n6p]] - bLTF C lobe + meclofenamic acid + 2Zn + Fe<br /> | | **[[4n6p]] - bLTF C lobe + meclofenamic acid + 2Zn + Fe<br /> |
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| **[[3cr9]] – hoLTF + inhibitor + 2Fe<br /> | | **[[3cr9]] – hoLTF + inhibitor + 2Fe<br /> |
| **[[2j4u]] – cLTF N terminal + OMPC <BR /> | | **[[2j4u]] – cLTF N terminal + OMPC <BR /> |
| **[[1bka]] - hLTF + 2Fe + oxalate<BR />
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| **[[1lcf]] - hLTF + 2Cu + oxalate<BR />
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| **[[2pms]] – hLTF N lobe + PSPA transferring-binding domain + 2Zn + 2Fe<br />
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Function
Lactoferrin or lactotransferrin (LTF) is found in secretory fluids. LTF interacts with DNA, RNA, polysaccharides and heparin[1]. For detailed discussion of human lactoferrin see Human lactoferrin.
Relevance
LTF is inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) like aspirin. It is a component of the immune system and has antimicrobial activity[2]. LTF can be used as a marker for inflammatory bowel disease[3].
Structural highlights
LTF is a bilobal protein with the N-terminal half and the C-terminal half called N-lobe and C-lobe. LTF binds with high affinity Fe+3 ion and an anion in both its N-lobe and its C-lobe[4]. The binding site is between the 2 domains of each lobe.
N-lobe binding site.
The anion binds the Fe+3 in a 1,2 bidendate fashion.
C-lobe binding site.
The anion binds the Fe+3 in a 1,2 bidendate fashion.
- ↑ Actor JK, Hwang SA, Kruzel ML. Lactoferrin as a natural immune modulator. Curr Pharm Des. 2009;15(17):1956-73. PMID:19519436
- ↑ Farnaud S, Evans RW. Lactoferrin--a multifunctional protein with antimicrobial properties. Mol Immunol. 2003 Nov;40(7):395-405. PMID:14568385
- ↑ Kayazawa M, Saitoh O, Kojima K, Nakagawa K, Tanaka S, Tabata K, Matsuse R, Uchida K, Hoshimoto M, Hirata I, Katsu K. Lactoferrin in whole gut lavage fluid as a marker for disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease: comparison with other neutrophil-derived proteins. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002 Feb;97(2):360-9. PMID:11866274 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05470.x
- ↑ Baker HM, Anderson BF, Brodie AM, Shongwe MS, Smith CA, Baker EN. Anion binding by transferrins: importance of second-shell effects revealed by the crystal structure of oxalate-substituted diferric lactoferrin. Biochemistry. 1996 Jul 16;35(28):9007-13. PMID:8703903 doi:10.1021/bi960288y
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3D Structures of lactoferrin
Updated on 31-August-2020
{"openlevels":0}
- Apo lactoferrin
- Lactoferrin
- 2bjj, 1sqy, 1n76– hLTF + 2Fe
- 1b0l - hLTF (mutant) + 2Fe
- 1fck – hLTF + 2Ce
- 1lfi - hLTF + 2Cu
- 1lct - hLTF N lobe + 2Fe
- 1h43, 1h44, 1h45, 1l5t, 1eh3, 1vfd, 1vfe, 1hse, 1dsn - hLTF N lobe (mutant) + 2Fe
- 1blf – bLTF + 2Fe
- 1sdx - bLTF C lobe + 3Zn
- 5cry, 5hbc - bLTF C lobe + Fe+3
- 1nkx, 3u8q - bLTF C lobe + 2Zn + Fe
- 1b1x, 1f9b – hoLTF + 2Fe
- 1qjm – hoLTF + 2Sm
- 1ce2, 1biy – buLTF + 2Fe - buffalo
- 1i6q – cLTF + 2Fe
- 1jw1 – LTF + 2Fe – goat
- Lactoferrin binary complex
- 1bka - hLTF + 2Fe + oxalate
- 1lcf - hLTF + 2Cu + oxalate
- 2pms – hLTF N lobe + PSPA transferring-binding domain + 2Zn + 2Fe
- 3sdf – bLTF C lobe + lipoteichoic acid + 2Zn + Fe
- 4n6p - bLTF C lobe + meclofenamic acid + 2Zn + Fe
- 4ned - bLTF C lobe + fenoprofen + 2Zn + Fe
- 3rgy - bLTF C lobe + lipopolysaccharide + Zn + Fe
- 3kj7, 3k0v, 2q8j, 2o51, 2nwj, 2dxy, 2dwj, 2dsf, 2ds9, 2hca, 2dqv, 2dp8, 2g93, 2ays, 2alu, 2dwi, 2dyx, 2o1l, 2p1s - bLTF C lobe + polysaccharide + 2Zn + Fe
- 2o1l - bLTF C lobe + polysaccharide + Zn + Fe
- 2fa7, 2b65 - bLTF C lobe + polysaccharide + 3Zn + Fe
- 2dvc, 2dwa, 2dwh, 2e0s, 2e1s, 2h4i, 2px1 - bLTF C lobe + saccharide + 2Zn + Fe
- 2dxr - bLTF C lobe + sorbitol+ 2Zn + Fe
- 3iaz, 3ib0, 3ib1 - bLTF C lobe (mutant) + NSAID + 2Zn + Fe
- 3e9x, 2qje, 2zmb, 3crb, 2nuv, 4fim, 4fjp, 4for, 4g2z, 4g77, 4g8h, 4grk, 3taj - bLTF C lobe + NSAID + 2Zn + Fe
- 3o97, 3mjn, 3cfl, 2ocu, 3tod, 3tus – bLTF C lobe + inhibitor + 2Zn + Fe
- 3ib2 - bLTF C lobe (mutant) + inhibitor + 2Zn + Fe
- 2doj - bLTF C lobe + adenosine + 2Zn + Fe
- 3ugw - bLTF C lobe + deoxycytidine + 2Zn + Fe
- 3ci8 - bLTF C lobe + niacin + 2Zn + Fe
- 2r9j - bLTF C lobe + nicotinamide + 2Zn + Fe
- 2r71 - bLTF C lobe + inositol + 2Zn + Fe
- 3uk4 - bLTF C lobe + pentatriol + 2Zn + Fe
- 3usd - bLTF C lobe + pyridine derivative + 2Zn + Fe
- 3ttr - bLTF C lobe + anasthetic + 2Zn + Fe
- 3vdf - bLTF C lobe + diaminopimelic acid + 2Zn + Fe
- 4dxu - bLTF C lobe + caproic acid + 2Zn + Fe
- 3v5a - bLTF C lobe + γ-amino butyric acid + 2Zn + Fe
- 3u72, 4dig - bLTF C lobe + polypeptide + 2Zn + Fe
- 3ptl – bLTF peptide + proteinase K
- 1bjr - buLTF peptide + proteinase K
- 1b7z - hoLTF + 2Fe + oxalate
- 3cr9 – hoLTF + inhibitor + 2Fe
- 2j4u – cLTF N terminal + OMPC
References
