User:Jordan Scott/Sandbox RNA polII: Difference between revisions
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RNAP II is responsible for the synthesis of pre-mRNA and snRNAs. It is 550 kDa and made of 12 subunits (Rpb1-12) that range from 220-10 kDa. The subunits are highly conserved to the point that mammalian subunits can substitute with yeast subunits are there are little to no defects. <ref name="meyers">PMID: 9774381</ref>(B0) There are two large sub units and 10 smaller subunits, some of which are shared with RNAPs I and III. The active site of RNAP II is mostly made of the the two largest subunits Rpb1 and Rpb2. | RNAP II is responsible for the synthesis of pre-mRNA and snRNAs. It is 550 kDa and made of 12 subunits (Rpb1-12) that range from 220-10 kDa. The subunits are highly conserved to the point that mammalian subunits can substitute with yeast subunits are there are little to no defects. <ref name="meyers">PMID: 9774381</ref>(B0) There are two large sub units and 10 smaller subunits, some of which are shared with RNAPs I and III. The active site of RNAP II is mostly made of the the two largest subunits Rpb1 and Rpb2. | ||
Rpb1 also has a CTD that contains heptad repeats of YSPTSPS.<ref name="CTD">PMID: 17685222</ref>(G) This region serves as the main control point for RNAP II. The CTD experiences various conformation changes based on it being in a hypo or hyper phosphorylation state. The heptad repeats may also exist in several forms with one repeat having 16 known states.<ref name="CTD"/> These states form a CTD code that is used to regulate the various stages of transcription and mRNA processing. The CTD is also shown to a part of cell cycle regulation as CDK/cyclins involved in the cell cycle modify the CTD and coordinate gene expression.<ref name="CTD"/> (G) | Rpb1 also has a <scene name='86/862225/Ctd/1'>CTD</scene> that contains heptad repeats of YSPTSPS.<ref name="CTD">PMID: 17685222</ref>(G) This region serves as the main control point for RNAP II. The CTD experiences various conformation changes based on it being in a hypo or hyper phosphorylation state. The heptad repeats may also exist in several forms with one repeat having 16 known states.<ref name="CTD"/> These states form a CTD code that is used to regulate the various stages of transcription and mRNA processing. The CTD is also shown to a part of cell cycle regulation as CDK/cyclins involved in the cell cycle modify the CTD and coordinate gene expression.<ref name="CTD"/> (G) | ||
While RNAP II is capable of transcription by itself it is non-selective of any particular DNA region. However some mutageneis studies have shown that RNAP II may have some role in selectivity.<ref name="rich"/> To properly recognize regions upstream of the gene's transcription start site it requires several general transcription factors that are selective for these regions known as promoters and positions RNAP to accurately begin transcription.<ref name="meyers"/> (B) There are other accessory proteins that regulate the rate of transcription based on environmental factors.<ref name="txn">RNA polymerase II transcription initiation: A structural view | While RNAP II is capable of transcription by itself it is non-selective of any particular DNA region. However some mutageneis studies have shown that RNAP II may have some role in selectivity.<ref name="rich"/> To properly recognize regions upstream of the gene's transcription start site it requires several general transcription factors that are selective for these regions known as promoters and positions RNAP to accurately begin transcription.<ref name="meyers"/> (B) There are other accessory proteins that regulate the rate of transcription based on environmental factors.<ref name="txn">RNA polymerase II transcription initiation: A structural view | ||
