Sandbox GGC3

Spike glycoprotein

spinqualitylabelsall models 3D representation of the Spike glycoprotein Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D 3D structure representation of the Spike glycoprotein . Introduction The Spike protein is related to the novel coronavirus pandemic discovered in 2019. The virus is named as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) and it belongs to the β coronavirus family. The SARS-COV-2 is a single stranded RNA with 29,881bp length, which encodes for 9860 amino acids. It is compose of two proteins: the structural and non-structural proteins. The structural proteins are S,E,M and N ; whiles as the non-structural proteins are encoded on the ORF regions. The Spike Protein The S-protein is a structural protein extends from the viral membrane and it is uniformly arranged as a trimer on the surface to give the crown-like appearance of the SARS-COV-2. The Spike protein is 14-1255bp long, which mediates a receptor binding and fusion of the virus and a cellular membrane. Is also gives the virus its name in Latin as "Corona". Domains The S-protein of the SARS-COV-2 has two main subunits , an S1 and S2 subunits. The S1 subunit is located on residue #14–685 ( contains the NTD) and interact with human AEC2 by attaching its virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor. The S2 subunit is located on residue #686–1273 ( contains the CT) which serves as the fusion protein of the virus. Activation of S-protein Before the Spike protein can be activated , it has to be cleaved by the protease Furin protein. This 2D image below shows the schematic cleavage of the S-protein before and after it enters the host cell The Mechanism of the Spike Protein Mutation The most studied mutation site of the S-protein is at residue 614 which encodes for the amino acid Aspartic acid (D) and is normally changed to Glycine (G). And this form of mutation causes the enhancement of the viral transmission. Structural highlights These are the structural 3D representations of the s-protein showing the two subunits , the binding regions to its receptor human ACE2 , Mutation site , RBD site and cleavage site respectively NTD -CTS1 subunit is in the downstream of NTD and S2 subunit is in the upsteam of CT .Val367Binding region val367 . D614 The Mutation site D614 . LYS 187 The Receptor Binding Domain (RBD).ALA 668 Furin Cleavage site