YKL 40: Difference between revisions

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==Structural Highlights==

~~<StructureSection load='1stp' size='340' side='right' caption='Caption for this structure' scene=''>~~

~~This is a default text for your page '''YKL 40'''. Click above on '''edit this page''' to modify. Be careful with the < and > signs.~~

~~You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue.~~

YKL-40 is a non-enzymatic chitinase-like protein. It is able to bind chitin but does not possess the enzymatic activity needed to cleave chitinase. YKL-40 is the human form of chitinase-3 -like protein 1 also referred to as CHI3L1. It is referred to as YKL because of the three amino acid residues (Y, K, and L) present at the N terminus. The 40 comes from the weight of the protein which is around 40kDa. Previous crystallizations have shown a YKL-40 three-dimensional structure that consists of a (β/α)8- barrel domain. It also has a secondary domain comprised of six antiparallel β-strands with one α-helix (α + β) domain after β7. Full-length genomic chains can be observed in UniProt. The complete structure and 3D analysis can be found in the OCA atlas. A summary of statistical data can be found here. For a complete guided tour, FirstGlance is recommended.

<scene name='88/881548/Ykl-40/1'>YKL-40</scene> is a non-enzymatic chitinase-like protein. It is able to bind chitin but does not possess the enzymatic activity needed to cleave chitinase. YKL-40 is the human form of chitinase-3 -like protein 1 also referred to as CHI3L1. It is referred to as YKL because of the three amino acid residues (Y, K, and L) present at the N terminus. The 40 comes from the weight of the protein which is around 40kDa. Previous crystallizations have shown a YKL-40 three-dimensional structure that consists of a (β/α)8- barrel domain. It also has a secondary domain comprised of six antiparallel β-strands with one α-helix (α + β) domain after β7. Full-length genomic chains can be observed in UniProt. The complete structure and 3D analysis can be found in the OCA atlas. A summary of statistical data can be found here. For a complete guided tour, FirstGlance is recommended.

== Function ==

~~<scene name='88/881548/Ykl-40/1'>~~YKL-40~~</scene>~~ serves several biological functions. It catalyzes cell proliferation and growth. If YKL-40 is silenced, the proliferation of HEK293 and U87 decreases. Inversely, The expression of YKL-40 promotes the growth of fetal lung fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and chondrocytes found in the joints. It is able to promote this cell growth through Akt signaling and phosphorylation of <scene name='88/881548/Mapk/1'>MAPK</scene>. It also can increase smooth muscle cell proliferation and growth in humans with asthma. YKL-40 works hand in hand with <scene name='88/881548/Igf-1/3'>IGF-1</scene> and promotes the growth of fibroblasts that are integral in tissue fibrosis. During tissue repair, YKL-40 is able to manage where smooth muscle cell is placed and where it sticks.

YKL-40 serves several biological functions. It catalyzes cell proliferation and growth. If YKL-40 is silenced, the proliferation of HEK293 and U87 decreases. Inversely, The expression of YKL-40 promotes the growth of fetal lung fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and chondrocytes found in the joints. It is able to promote this cell growth through Akt signaling and phosphorylation of <scene name='88/881548/Mapk/1'>MAPK</scene>. It also can increase smooth muscle cell proliferation and growth in humans with asthma. YKL-40 works hand in hand with <scene name='88/881548/Igf-1/3'>IGF-1</scene> and promotes the growth of fibroblasts that are integral in tissue fibrosis. During tissue repair, YKL-40 is able to manage where smooth muscle cell is placed and where it sticks.

YKL-40 also can protect cells from cell death. It is able to prevent cell apoptosis triggered by inflammatory reactions in the body. It is able to do this through PKB and AKT activation through phosphorylation, as well as inhibition of Fas expression, and Faim induction.

One of the most important roles YKL-40 play is in the immune system. It is used to differentiate and activate immune cells. They primarily control the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 using activated T cells. If CD4T+ cells do not have YKL-40, they differentiate into Th1 cells. This has a major impact on cytotoxic T lymphocyte expression which is important to increase anti-tumor immunity. YKL- 40 is expressed more when Th2 inflammatory responses are stimulated.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Structural Highlights==
-<StructureSection load='1stp' size='340' side='right' caption='Caption for this structure' scene=''>
-This is a default text for your page '''YKL 40'''. Click above on '''edit this page''' to modify. Be careful with the &lt; and &gt; signs.
-You may include any references to papers as in: the use of JSmol in Proteopedia <ref>DOI 10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue.
-YKL-40 is a non-enzymatic chitinase-like protein. It is able to bind chitin but does not possess the enzymatic activity needed to cleave chitinase. YKL-40 is the human form of chitinase-3 -like protein 1 also referred to as CHI3L1. It is referred to as YKL because of the three amino acid residues (Y, K, and L) present at the N terminus. The 40 comes from the weight of the protein which is around 40kDa. Previous crystallizations have shown a YKL-40 three-dimensional structure that consists of a (β/α)8- barrel domain. It also has a secondary domain comprised of six antiparallel β-strands with one α-helix (α + β) domain after β7. Full-length genomic chains can be observed in UniProt. The complete structure and 3D analysis can be found in the OCA atlas. A summary of statistical data can be found here. For a complete guided tour, FirstGlance is recommended.
+<scene name='88/881548/Ykl-40/1'>YKL-40</scene> is a non-enzymatic chitinase-like protein. It is able to bind chitin but does not possess the enzymatic activity needed to cleave chitinase. YKL-40 is the human form of chitinase-3 -like protein 1 also referred to as CHI3L1. It is referred to as YKL because of the three amino acid residues (Y, K, and L) present at the N terminus. The 40 comes from the weight of the protein which is around 40kDa. Previous crystallizations have shown a YKL-40 three-dimensional structure that consists of a (β/α)8- barrel domain. It also has a secondary domain comprised of six antiparallel β-strands with one α-helix (α + β) domain after β7. Full-length genomic chains can be observed in UniProt. The complete structure and 3D analysis can be found in the OCA atlas. A summary of statistical data can be found here. For a complete guided tour, FirstGlance is recommended.
 == Function ==
-<scene name='88/881548/Ykl-40/1'>YKL-40</scene> serves several biological functions. It catalyzes cell proliferation and growth. If YKL-40 is silenced, the proliferation of HEK293 and U87 decreases. Inversely, The expression of YKL-40 promotes the growth of fetal lung fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and chondrocytes found in the joints. It is able to promote this cell growth through Akt signaling and phosphorylation of <scene name='88/881548/Mapk/1'>MAPK</scene>. It also can increase smooth muscle cell proliferation and growth in humans with asthma. YKL-40 works hand in hand with <scene name='88/881548/Igf-1/3'>IGF-1</scene> and promotes the growth of fibroblasts that are integral in tissue fibrosis. During tissue repair, YKL-40 is able to manage where smooth muscle cell is placed and where it sticks.
+YKL-40 serves several biological functions. It catalyzes cell proliferation and growth. If YKL-40 is silenced, the proliferation of HEK293 and U87 decreases. Inversely, The expression of YKL-40 promotes the growth of fetal lung fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and chondrocytes found in the joints. It is able to promote this cell growth through Akt signaling and phosphorylation of <scene name='88/881548/Mapk/1'>MAPK</scene>. It also can increase smooth muscle cell proliferation and growth in humans with asthma. YKL-40 works hand in hand with <scene name='88/881548/Igf-1/3'>IGF-1</scene> and promotes the growth of fibroblasts that are integral in tissue fibrosis. During tissue repair, YKL-40 is able to manage where smooth muscle cell is placed and where it sticks.
 YKL-40 also can protect cells from cell death. It is able to prevent cell apoptosis triggered by inflammatory reactions in the body. It is able to do this through PKB and AKT activation through phosphorylation, as well as inhibition of Fas expression, and Faim induction.
 One of the most important roles YKL-40 play is in the immune system. It is used to differentiate and activate immune cells. They primarily control the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 using activated T cells. If CD4T+ cells do not have YKL-40, they differentiate into Th1 cells. This has a major impact on cytotoxic T lymphocyte expression which is important to increase anti-tumor immunity. YKL- 40 is expressed more when Th2 inflammatory responses are stimulated.