Sandbox Reserved 1652: Difference between revisions

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== Introduction ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPV1 TRPV1] (Vanilloid Transient Receptor Potential Type 1) is a non-selective ion channel which, in response to a stimulus, induces an incoming current of cations, primarily calcium and sodium, that causes depolarization of the cell. It is part of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_receptor_potential_channel TRP] (Transient Receptor Potential) superfamily and is the first in a subfamily of vanilloid-sensitive TRP channels: TRPVs.TRPV1 is expressed in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_A_nerve_fiber] <ref name="Group A nerve fiber">Wikipedia contributors. (2021, november 17). Group A nerve fiber. Wikipedia., https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_A_nerve_fiber, (Consulted the : dec. 28, 2021). [Online].</ref> and <ref name="Group C nerve fiber">Wikipedia contributors. (2021, september 25). Group C nerve fiber. Wikipedia., [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_C_nerve_fiber], (Consulted the : dec. 28, 2021). [Online].</ref> by sensory neurons of the dorsal and trigeminal spinal ganglia. (Gastrointestinal tract’s neurons express this receptor widely which may be involved in Crohn's disease. TRPV1 is also located on the heart peri vascularisation. It has a vasodilatation effect and protects this organ via the substance it releases.) TRPV1 is implicated in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nociception nociception], its activation by heat or by chemical substances leads to a painful sensation.<ref name="TRPV1">Wikipedia contributors. (2020, december 21). TRPV1. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPV1 (Consulted the: dec. 28, 2020). [Online].</ref> Functional and structural studies of TRPV1 have contributed to a clearer understanding of transmission of nociceptive stimuli mechanisms especially with low diameter fibers. TRPV1 has a major role in inflammatory and pain sensitivity and overactivation of TRPV1 increases the sensitivity to pain as well as extended pain induces overexpression of TRPV1 in nerve fibers. However, sub-expression of this receptor induces chronic pain. Which can appear with abnormal neuromodulators transport due to axonal damage.

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPV1 TRPV1] (Vanilloid Transient Receptor Potential Type 1) is a non-selective ion channel which, in response to a stimulus, induces an incoming current of cations, primarily calcium and sodium, that causes depolarization of the cell. It is part of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_receptor_potential_channel TRP] (Transient Receptor Potential) superfamily and is the first in a subfamily of vanilloid-sensitive TRP channels: TRPVs.TRPV1 is expressed in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_A_nerve_fiber] <ref name="Group A nerve fiber">Wikipedia contributors. (2021, november 17). Group A nerve fiber. Wikipedia., https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_A_nerve_fiber, (Consulted the : dec. 28, 2021). [Online].</ref> and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_C_nerve_fiber] <ref name="Group C nerve fiber">Wikipedia contributors. (2021, september 25). Group C nerve fiber. Wikipedia., [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_C_nerve_fiber], (Consulted the : dec. 28, 2021). [Online].</ref> by sensory neurons of the dorsal and trigeminal spinal ganglia. (Gastrointestinal tract’s neurons express this receptor widely which may be involved in Crohn's disease. TRPV1 is also located on the heart peri vascularisation. It has a vasodilatation effect and protects this organ via the substance it releases.) TRPV1 is implicated in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nociception nociception], its activation by heat or by chemical substances leads to a painful sensation.<ref name="TRPV1">Wikipedia contributors. (2020, december 21). TRPV1. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPV1 (Consulted the: dec. 28, 2020). [Online].</ref> Functional and structural studies of TRPV1 have contributed to a clearer understanding of transmission of nociceptive stimuli mechanisms especially with low diameter fibers. TRPV1 has a major role in inflammatory and pain sensitivity and overactivation of TRPV1 increases the sensitivity to pain as well as extended pain induces overexpression of TRPV1 in nerve fibers. However, sub-expression of this receptor induces chronic pain. Which can appear with abnormal neuromodulators transport due to axonal damage.

TRPV1 can be indirectly activated by NGF (nerve growth factor) and specific molecules of the inflammatory system such as bradykinin, serotonin, histamin, prostaglandin or ATP. They increase the channel opening, by blocking the PIP2 inhibition or by decreasing the heat activation threshold.

<ref name="TRPV1 dans les neuropathies douloureuses"> A. Danigo, L. Magy et C. Demiot , Med Sci (Paris) Volume 29, Number 6-7, Juin–Juillet 2013, p. 597-606. TRPV1 dans les neuropathies douloureuses, https://www.medecinesciences.org/en/articles/medsci/full_html/2013/08/medsci2013296-7p597/medsci2013296-7p597.html, (Consulted the : dec. 23, 2021). [Online].</ref>

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 == Introduction ==
-[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPV1 TRPV1] (Vanilloid Transient Receptor Potential Type 1) is a non-selective ion channel which, in response to a stimulus, induces an incoming current of cations, primarily calcium and sodium, that causes depolarization of the cell. It is part of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_receptor_potential_channel TRP] (Transient Receptor Potential) superfamily and is the first in a subfamily of vanilloid-sensitive TRP channels: TRPVs.TRPV1 is expressed in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_A_nerve_fiber] <ref name="Group A nerve fiber">Wikipedia contributors. (2021, november 17). Group A nerve fiber. Wikipedia., https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_A_nerve_fiber, (Consulted the : dec. 28, 2021). [Online].</ref> and <ref name="Group C nerve fiber">Wikipedia contributors. (2021, september 25). Group C nerve fiber. Wikipedia., [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_C_nerve_fiber], (Consulted the : dec. 28, 2021). [Online].</ref> by sensory neurons of the dorsal and trigeminal spinal ganglia.  (Gastrointestinal tract’s neurons express this receptor widely which may be involved in Crohn's disease. TRPV1 is also located on the heart peri vascularisation. It has a vasodilatation effect and protects this organ via the substance it releases.) TRPV1 is implicated in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nociception nociception], its activation by heat or by chemical substances leads to a painful sensation.<ref name="TRPV1">Wikipedia contributors. (2020, december 21). TRPV1. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPV1 (Consulted the: dec. 28, 2020). [Online].</ref>  Functional and structural studies of TRPV1 have contributed to a clearer understanding of transmission of nociceptive stimuli mechanisms especially with low diameter fibers. TRPV1 has a major role in inflammatory and pain sensitivity and overactivation of TRPV1 increases the sensitivity to pain as well as extended pain induces overexpression of TRPV1 in nerve fibers. However, sub-expression of this receptor induces chronic pain. Which can appear with abnormal neuromodulators transport due to axonal damage.
+[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPV1 TRPV1] (Vanilloid Transient Receptor Potential Type 1) is a non-selective ion channel which, in response to a stimulus, induces an incoming current of cations, primarily calcium and sodium, that causes depolarization of the cell. It is part of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_receptor_potential_channel TRP] (Transient Receptor Potential) superfamily and is the first in a subfamily of vanilloid-sensitive TRP channels: TRPVs.TRPV1 is expressed in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_A_nerve_fiber] <ref name="Group A nerve fiber">Wikipedia contributors. (2021, november 17). Group A nerve fiber. Wikipedia., https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_A_nerve_fiber, (Consulted the : dec. 28, 2021). [Online].</ref> and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_C_nerve_fiber] <ref name="Group C nerve fiber">Wikipedia contributors. (2021, september 25). Group C nerve fiber. Wikipedia., [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_C_nerve_fiber], (Consulted the : dec. 28, 2021). [Online].</ref> by sensory neurons of the dorsal and trigeminal spinal ganglia.  (Gastrointestinal tract’s neurons express this receptor widely which may be involved in Crohn's disease. TRPV1 is also located on the heart peri vascularisation. It has a vasodilatation effect and protects this organ via the substance it releases.) TRPV1 is implicated in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nociception nociception], its activation by heat or by chemical substances leads to a painful sensation.<ref name="TRPV1">Wikipedia contributors. (2020, december 21). TRPV1. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPV1 (Consulted the: dec. 28, 2020). [Online].</ref>  Functional and structural studies of TRPV1 have contributed to a clearer understanding of transmission of nociceptive stimuli mechanisms especially with low diameter fibers. TRPV1 has a major role in inflammatory and pain sensitivity and overactivation of TRPV1 increases the sensitivity to pain as well as extended pain induces overexpression of TRPV1 in nerve fibers. However, sub-expression of this receptor induces chronic pain. Which can appear with abnormal neuromodulators transport due to axonal damage.
 TRPV1 can be indirectly activated by  NGF (nerve growth factor) and specific molecules of the inflammatory system such as bradykinin, serotonin, histamin, prostaglandin or ATP. They increase the channel opening, by blocking the PIP2 inhibition or by decreasing the heat activation threshold.
 <ref name="TRPV1 dans les neuropathies douloureuses"> A. Danigo, L. Magy et C. Demiot , Med Sci (Paris) Volume 29, Number 6-7, Juin–Juillet 2013, p. 597-606. TRPV1 dans les neuropathies douloureuses, https://www.medecinesciences.org/en/articles/medsci/full_html/2013/08/medsci2013296-7p597/medsci2013296-7p597.html, (Consulted the : dec. 23, 2021). [Online].</ref>