Neuromodulators: Difference between revisions

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Neuromodulation is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons. Neuromodulators typically bind to metabotropic, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to initiate a second messenger signaling cascade that induces a broad, long-lasting signal. This modulation can last for hundreds of milliseconds to several minutes. Some of the effects of neuromodulators include: alter intrinsic firing activity,~~[1]~~ increase or decrease voltage-dependent currents,~~[2]~~ alter synaptic efficacy, increase bursting activity~~[2]~~ and reconfiguration of synaptic connectivity.~~[3]~~

Neuromodulation is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons. A neuromodulator can be conceptualized as a [[neurotransmitter]] that is not reabsorbed by the pre-synaptic neuron or broken down into a metabolite. Neuromodulators typically bind to metabotropic, [[G-protein coupled receptors]] (GPCRs) to initiate a second messenger signaling cascade that induces a broad, long-lasting signal. This modulation can last for hundreds of milliseconds to several minutes. Some of the effects of neuromodulators include: alter intrinsic firing activity, increase or decrease voltage-dependent currents, alter synaptic efficacy, increase bursting activity and reconfiguration of synaptic connectivity.

Major neuromodulators in the central nervous system include: dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, norepinephrine, nitric oxide, and several neuropeptides. Cannabinoids can also be powerful CNS neuromodulators.

Major neuromodulators in the central nervous system include: dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, norepinephrine, nitric oxide, and several neuropeptides. Cannabinoids can also be powerful CNS neuromodulators.[4][5][6]

~~A neuromodulator can be conceptualized as a [[neurotransmitter]] that is not reabsorbed by the pre-synaptic neuron or broken down into a metabolite.~~

</StructureSection>

== References ==

Neuromodulators: Difference between revisions

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 <StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene='47/475982/Cv/1' caption='Structure of the human dopamine D3 receptor in complex with the antagonist eticlopride and maltose, [[3pbl]]'>
-Neuromodulation is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons. Neuromodulators typically bind to metabotropic, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to initiate a second messenger signaling cascade that induces a broad, long-lasting signal. This modulation can last for hundreds of milliseconds to several minutes. Some of the effects of neuromodulators include: alter intrinsic firing activity,[1] increase or decrease voltage-dependent currents,[2] alter synaptic efficacy, increase bursting activity[2] and reconfiguration of synaptic connectivity.[3]
+Neuromodulation is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons. A neuromodulator can be conceptualized as a [[neurotransmitter]] that is not reabsorbed by the pre-synaptic neuron or broken down into a metabolite. Neuromodulators typically bind to metabotropic, [[G-protein coupled receptors]] (GPCRs) to initiate a second messenger signaling cascade that induces a broad, long-lasting signal. This modulation can last for hundreds of milliseconds to several minutes. Some of the effects of neuromodulators include: alter intrinsic firing activity, increase or decrease voltage-dependent currents, alter synaptic efficacy, increase bursting activity and reconfiguration of synaptic connectivity.
+Major neuromodulators in the central nervous system include: dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, norepinephrine, nitric oxide, and several neuropeptides. Cannabinoids can also be powerful CNS neuromodulators.
-Major neuromodulators in the central nervous system include: dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, norepinephrine, nitric oxide, and several neuropeptides. Cannabinoids can also be powerful CNS neuromodulators.[4][5][6]
-A neuromodulator can be conceptualized as a [[neurotransmitter]] that is not reabsorbed by the pre-synaptic neuron or broken down into a metabolite.
 </StructureSection>
 == References ==
 <references/>