Neuromodulators: Difference between revisions
From Proteopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 56: | Line 56: | ||
*[[Treatments:AChE Inhibitor References]]<br /> | *[[Treatments:AChE Inhibitor References]]<br /> | ||
=Adrenaline (Epinephrine)/Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine)= | |||
*<scene name='82/829381/Cv/6'>Adrenaline (Epinephrine)</scene>. | |||
*<scene name='82/829381/Cv/7'>Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine)</scene>. | |||
*[[Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase]] (Noradrenaline N-Methyltransferase) catalyzes the conversion of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) to epinephrine (adrenaline). This is the last step in the conversion of tyrosine to adrenaline<ref>PMID:11591352</ref>. | |||
==[[Adrenergic receptor|Adrenergic receptors in general]]== | |||
The [[Adrenergic receptor|adrenergic receptors]] are metabolic G protein-coupled receptors. They are the targets of catecholamines. The binding of an agonist to them causes a sympathetic response.<br /> | |||
* The α-2 adrenergic receptor (A2AR) inhibits insulin or glucagons release.<br /> | |||
* The β-1 adrenergic receptor (B1AR) increases cardiac output and secretion of rennin and ghrelin.<ref>PMID:23435379</ref><br /> | |||
* The β-2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR) triggers many relaxation reactions. | |||
===β1 adrenergic receptor=== | |||
*3D structures in [[Adrenergic receptor]]. | |||
*[[UMass Chem 423 Student Projects 2011-1#Beta-1 Adrenergic GPCR|Beta-1 Adrenergic receptor]] | |||
*G<sub>s</sub>: [[adenylate cyclase]] activated, cAMP up. | |||
*β1-adrenergic agonists: | |||
**Dobutamine, see [[UMass Chem 423 Student Projects 2011-1#Beta-1 Adrenergic GPCR|Beta-1 Adrenergic receptor]], [[2y00]], [[2y01]], [[6h7l]]. | |||
**Isoprenaline, see [[UMass Chem 423 Student Projects 2011-1#Beta-1 Adrenergic GPCR|Beta-1 Adrenergic receptor]], [[2y03]]. | |||
**Noradrenaline | |||
**Carmoterol, see [[2y02]]. | |||
**Salbutamol (Albuterol in USA), [[2y04]]. | |||
*Beta blockers: | |||
**Metoprolol | |||
**Atenolol | |||
**Bisoprolol | |||
**Propranolol | |||
**Timolol | |||
**Nebivolol | |||
**Vortioxetine | |||
===β2 adrenergic receptor=== | |||
* The human β2 adrenergic receptor bound to a G-protein ([[3sn6]]) is featured in a scene above, and additional structures are on the [[Adrenergic receptor|Adrenergic receptor page]]. | |||
*[[Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor|Article Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor by Wayne Decatur, David Canner, Dotan Shaniv, Joel L. Sussman, Michal Harel]] | |||
*[[Beta-2 adrenergic receptor|Article Beta-2 adrenergic receptor by Joel L. Sussman, Tala Curry, Michal Harel, Jaime Prilusky]] | |||
*[[Group:SMART:A Physical Model of the beta-Adrenergic Receptor]] | |||
*G<sub>s</sub>: adenylate cyclase activated, cAMP up. For G<sub>s</sub> see [[Beta2 adrenergic receptor-Gs protein complex updated]]. | |||
β2-adrenergic agonists: | |||
**Salbutamol (Albuterol in USA) | |||
**Bitolterol mesylate | |||
**Formoterol | |||
**Isoprenaline | |||
**Levalbuterol | |||
**Metaproterenol | |||
**Salmeterol | |||
**Terbutaline | |||
**Ritodrine | |||
*Beta blockers: | |||
**Butoxamine | |||
**Timolol | |||
**Propranolol | |||
**ICI-118,551 | |||
**Paroxetine | |||
==[[Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase]]== | |||
==Monoamine oxidases (MAO)== | |||
Monoamine oxidases (MAO) (EC 1.4.3.4) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines including adrenaline, noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine. | |||
===[[Monoamine oxidase]]=== | |||
===[[Monoamine oxidase b]]=== | |||
</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
