Sandbox Reserved 1658: Difference between revisions

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The Neuropilin-1 is one of the entry site of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 SARS-CoV-2] in the cells. Indeed autopsies revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infects NRP1-positive cells<ref name="COVID19"/> facing the nasal cavity.

Unlike the SARS-Cov, SARS-CoV-2 ~~owns~~ a ~~polybasic furin-type cleavage site~~<ref name="COVID19"/> at the S1-S2 junction in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peplomer spike protein(S)]. Or it was already known, that NRP1 binds [[furin]]-cleaved substrates. The cleavage of the spike protein causes the formation of a C-terminal motif which observes the Cend rule. This motif is responsible for the binding of the virus on the b1 domain of NRP1. Therefore, Neuropilin-1 facilitates the entry of Sars-Cov-2 in the cells.

Unlike the SARS-Cov, SARS-CoV-2 is cleaved by a host protease<ref name="COVID19"/> to create the S1-S2 junction in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peplomer spike protein(S)]. Or it was already known, that NRP1 binds [[furin]]-cleaved substrates. The cleavage of the spike protein causes the formation of a C-terminal motif which observes the Cend rule. This motif is responsible for the binding of the virus on the b1 domain of NRP1. Generally NRP receptors facilitate viral entry for several viruses due to their abundance on cells that are exposed to the external environment.Therefore, Neuropilin-1 facilitates the entry of Sars-Cov-2 in the cells.

== Applications ==

NRP1 ~~targeting~~ is investigated as a possible cancer ~~therapy~~ <ref name="therapy">PMID: 24263240</ref>. Several methods have been developed to inhibit the oncogenic activities of NRP1 by using iRNA <ref name="applications">DOI 10.3892/etm.2018.6234</ref>, monoclonal antibodies or even peptides. Especially, monoclonal antibodies are experimented as antitumor agents. Some have already being developed such as specific CUB antibodies<ref name="applications"/> and anti-NRP1B<ref name="applications"/> that inhibit cell migration induced by VEGF and the formation of tumors in endothelial cells.

NRP1 is a unique immune modulator and is investigated as a possible cancer immunotherapy <ref name="therapy">PMID: 24263240</ref> <ref name"structur function">Neuropilin-1 : a checkpoint target with unique implications for cancer immunology and immunotherapy. (s. d.). Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer. https://jitc.bmj.com/content/8/2/e000967</ref>. Several methods have been developed to inhibit the oncogenic activities of NRP1 by using iRNA <ref name="applications">DOI 10.3892/etm.2018.6234</ref>, monoclonal antibodies or even peptides. Especially, monoclonal antibodies are experimented as antitumor agents. Some have already being developed such as specific CUB antibodies<ref name="applications"/> and anti-NRP1B<ref name="applications"/> that inhibit cell migration induced by VEGF and the formation of tumors in endothelial cells.

== References ==

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@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 <p align="justify">The Neuropilin-1 is one of the entry site of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 SARS-CoV-2] in the cells. Indeed autopsies revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infects NRP1-positive cells<ref name="COVID19"/> facing the nasal cavity.
-Unlike the SARS-Cov, SARS-CoV-2 owns a polybasic furin-type cleavage site<ref name="COVID19"/> at the S1-S2 junction in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peplomer spike protein(S)]. Or it was already known, that NRP1 binds [[furin]]-cleaved substrates. The cleavage of the spike protein causes the formation of a C-terminal motif which observes the Cend rule. This motif is responsible for the binding of the virus on the b1 domain of NRP1. Therefore, Neuropilin-1 facilitates the entry of Sars-Cov-2 in the cells.</p>
+Unlike the SARS-Cov, SARS-CoV-2  is cleaved by a host protease<ref name="COVID19"/> to create the S1-S2 junction in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peplomer spike protein(S)]. Or it was already known, that NRP1 binds [[furin]]-cleaved substrates. The cleavage of the spike protein causes the formation of a C-terminal motif which observes the Cend rule. This motif is responsible for the binding of the virus on the b1 domain of NRP1. Generally NRP receptors facilitate viral entry for several viruses due to their abundance on cells that are exposed to the external environment.Therefore, Neuropilin-1 facilitates the entry of Sars-Cov-2 in the cells.</p>
 == Applications ==
-<p align="justify">NRP1 targeting is investigated as a possible cancer therapy <ref name="therapy">PMID: 24263240</ref>. Several methods have been developed to inhibit the oncogenic activities of NRP1 by using iRNA <ref name="applications">DOI 10.3892/etm.2018.6234</ref>, monoclonal antibodies or even peptides. Especially, monoclonal antibodies are experimented as antitumor agents. Some have already being developed such as specific CUB antibodies<ref name="applications"/> and anti-NRP1B<ref name="applications"/> that inhibit cell migration induced by VEGF and the formation of tumors in endothelial cells.</p>
+<p align="justify">NRP1 is a unique immune modulator and is investigated as a possible cancer immunotherapy <ref name="therapy">PMID: 24263240</ref> <ref name"structur function">Neuropilin-1 : a checkpoint target with unique implications for cancer immunology and immunotherapy. (s. d.). Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer. https://jitc.bmj.com/content/8/2/e000967</ref>. Several methods have been developed to inhibit the oncogenic activities of NRP1 by using iRNA <ref name="applications">DOI 10.3892/etm.2018.6234</ref>, monoclonal antibodies or even peptides. Especially, monoclonal antibodies are experimented as antitumor agents. Some have already being developed such as specific CUB antibodies<ref name="applications"/> and anti-NRP1B<ref name="applications"/> that inhibit cell migration induced by VEGF and the formation of tumors in endothelial cells.</p>
 == References ==
 <references/>