Replication Termination Protein: Difference between revisions
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== Function == | == Function == | ||
[[Image:RTP.png|200px|left|thumb| Diagram of RTP monomer with secondary structure highlighted.]] | [[Image:RTP.png|200px|left|thumb| Diagram of RTP monomer with secondary structure highlighted.]] | ||
The '''replication termination protein''' or '''replication terminator | The '''replication termination protein''' or '''replication terminator protein''' (RTP) is one of only two well-defined proteins known to be involved in arresting DNA replication forks, the other being a protein known as '''Tus''' ('''termination utilisation substance''' or '''DNA replication terminus site-binding protein''') from ''E. coli'' <ref> Kamada K, Horiuchi T, Ohsumi K, Shimamoto N, Morkikawa K, (1996) Structure of a replication-terminator protein complexed with DNA. Nature, 383:598-603 </ref>. RTP was discovered in ''Bacillus subtilis'' and has been identified as a DNA binding protein of the winged helix family that forms a dimer of 29kDa. This dimeric form has been shown to have an exceptionally high affinity for its cognate binding sites( Kd ~10-11M-1)<ref> Wilce et. al. (2001) Structure of the RTP−DNA complex and the mechanism of polar replication fork arrest. Nature Structural Biology, 8:206-210 </ref>, otherwise known as Termination sites (Ter sites). These Ter sites are found in multiple locations in the ''B. subtilis'' genome <ref> Gautam A. et.al. (2001) A single domain of the replication termination protein of ''Bacillus subtilis'' is involved in arresting both DnaB helicase and RNA polymerase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276:23471-23479</ref>. For more details see:<br /> | ||
*[[RTP and Tus]]<br /> | *[[RTP and Tus]]<br /> | ||
*[[Rtp and Tus DNA Binding]]<br /> | *[[Rtp and Tus DNA Binding]]<br /> | ||
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[[Image:yehhhh.png|350px|left|thumb| B. subtilis genome showing origin of replication, polar Ter sites and both replication forks.]] | [[Image:yehhhh.png|350px|left|thumb| B. subtilis genome showing origin of replication, polar Ter sites and both replication forks.]] | ||
{{Clear}} | {{Clear}} | ||
Bacterial replication like that found in Bacillus subtilis consists of two replication forks that travel in opposite directions around the same circular strand of DNA. These replication forks begin at the origin of replication (OriC) and travel in clockwise and anticlockwise directions <ref> Noirot P (2007). "Replication of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome". In Graumann P. Bacillus: Cellular and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-12-7 </ref>. To prevent the strand from being over replicated each strand needs to be terminated roughly opposite the OriC and then joined to form the complete duplicated strand of DNA. As such the Ter/RTP complexes have found to be polar in their action; that is that different Ter sites are capable of only blacking DNA replication from one direction only. Since Ter sites are found facing both forks of replication, and the combination of both are capable of stopping both strands of replication, they are often termed as replication traps. | Bacterial replication like that found in ''Bacillus subtilis'' consists of two replication forks that travel in opposite directions around the same circular strand of DNA. These replication forks begin at the origin of replication (OriC) and travel in clockwise and anticlockwise directions <ref> Noirot P (2007). "Replication of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome". In Graumann P. Bacillus: Cellular and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-12-7 </ref>. To prevent the strand from being over replicated each strand needs to be terminated roughly opposite the OriC and then joined to form the complete duplicated strand of DNA. As such the Ter/RTP complexes have found to be polar in their action; that is that different Ter sites are capable of only blacking DNA replication from one direction only. Since Ter sites are found facing both forks of replication, and the combination of both are capable of stopping both strands of replication, they are often termed as replication traps. | ||
The arresting of replication is achieved by the binding of two dimers to each Ter site, with the two RTP binding sites referred to as site A and site B. Site B shows a higher affinity for RTP and binds first, with site A then being filled with another RTP dimer cooperatively. This differential affinity for RTP is cited as a possible reason for the observed polarity of the termination <ref> Duggin I.G. (2006) DNA Replication Fork Arrest by the Bacillus subtilis RTP–DNA Complex Involves a Mechanism that Is Independent of the Affinity of RTP–DNA Binding. Journal of Molecular Biology, 361:1-6 </ref>. | The arresting of replication is achieved by the binding of two dimers to each Ter site, with the two RTP binding sites referred to as site A and site B. Site B shows a higher affinity for RTP and binds first, with site A then being filled with another RTP dimer cooperatively. This differential affinity for RTP is cited as a possible reason for the observed polarity of the termination <ref> Duggin I.G. (2006) DNA Replication Fork Arrest by the ''Bacillus subtilis'' RTP–DNA Complex Involves a Mechanism that Is Independent of the Affinity of RTP–DNA Binding. Journal of Molecular Biology, 361:1-6 </ref>. | ||
==RTP Structure== | ==RTP Structure== | ||
Revision as of 08:21, 13 February 2022
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3D structures of replication termination protein
Updated on 13-February-2022
RTP and Tus – BsRTP – Bacillus subtilis
Rtp and Tus DNA Binding, Bacterial Replication Termination - BsRTP (mutant)
2dpd - BsRTP + DNA
1f4k, 2dpu, 2efw – BsRTP (mutant) + DNA
1ecr – Tus + DNA – Escherichia coli
References
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Craig Mooney, Michal Harel, Joel L. Sussman, Alexander Berchansky
