Sandbox Reserved 1709: Difference between revisions

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=== Inhibition ===

[[Image:Warfarin.png |400 px| right| thumb | Figure 4. Structure of Warfarin.]]

The most common way to treat blood clotting is using the VKOR inhibitor, <scene name='90/904314/Vkor_with_warfarin_bound/1'>warfarin</scene>. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfarin Warfarin] outcompetes KO, such that Vitamin K cannot be activated to promote coagulation in the blood. Warfarin will enter the binding pocket of VKOR, creating strong <scene name='90/904314/Vkor_with_warfarin_bound/2'>hydrogen bonds</scene> with the active site. Mutations of VKOR can lead to warfarin resistance which decreases its anticoagulation effects. Different mutations introduce varying degrees of resistance. These mutations are important to recognize as super-warfarin's can be overly effective in anticoagulation and become detrimental to blood flow.

The most common way to treat blood clotting is using the VKOR inhibitor, <scene name='90/904314/Vkor_with_warfarin_bound/1'>warfarin</scene>. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfarin Warfarin] outcompetes KO<ref>PMID: 29261922</ref>, such that Vitamin K cannot be activated to promote coagulation in the blood. Warfarin will enter the binding pocket of VKOR, creating strong <scene name='90/904314/Vkor_with_warfarin_bound/2'>hydrogen bonds</scene> with the active site residues, N80 and Y139. Mutations of VKOR can lead to warfarin resistance which decreases its anticoagulation effects. Different mutations introduce varying degrees of resistance. These mutations are important to recognize as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superwarfarin super-warfarin's] can be overly effective in anticoagulation and become detrimental to blood flow.

=== Mutations ===

Line 58:

5. Liu S, Li S, Shen G, Sukumar N, Krezel AM, Li W. Structural basis of antagonizing the vitamin K catalytic cycle for anticoagulation. Science. 2021 Jan 1;371(6524):eabc5667. doi: 10.1126/science.abc5667. Epub 2020 Nov 5. PMID: 33154105; PMCID: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7946407/ PMC7946407].

6. Yang W., et. al. “VKORC1 Haplotypes Are Associated With Arterial Vascular Diseases (Stroke, Coronary Heart Disease, and Aortic Dissection)” (2006) Circulation. ;113:1615–1621 [https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.580167]

6. Patel S, Singh R, Preuss CV, Patel N. Warfarin. 2022 Jan 19. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan–. PMID: 29261922.

7. Yang W., et. al. “VKORC1 Haplotypes Are Associated With Arterial Vascular Diseases (Stroke, Coronary Heart Disease, and Aortic Dissection)” (2006) Circulation. ;113:1615–1621 [https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.580167]

Sandbox Reserved 1709: Difference between revisions

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@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 === Inhibition ===
 [[Image:Warfarin.png |400 px| right| thumb | Figure 4. Structure of Warfarin.]]
-The most common way to treat blood clotting is using the VKOR inhibitor, <scene name='90/904314/Vkor_with_warfarin_bound/1'>warfarin</scene>. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfarin Warfarin] outcompetes KO, such that Vitamin K cannot be activated to promote coagulation in the blood. Warfarin will enter the binding pocket of VKOR, creating strong <scene name='90/904314/Vkor_with_warfarin_bound/2'>hydrogen bonds</scene> with the active site. Mutations of VKOR can lead to warfarin resistance which decreases its anticoagulation effects. Different mutations introduce varying degrees of resistance. These mutations are important to recognize as super-warfarin's can be overly effective in anticoagulation and become detrimental to blood flow.
+The most common way to treat blood clotting is using the VKOR inhibitor, <scene name='90/904314/Vkor_with_warfarin_bound/1'>warfarin</scene>. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfarin Warfarin] outcompetes KO<ref>PMID: 29261922</ref>, such that Vitamin K cannot be activated to promote coagulation in the blood. Warfarin will enter the binding pocket of VKOR, creating strong <scene name='90/904314/Vkor_with_warfarin_bound/2'>hydrogen bonds</scene> with the active site residues, N80 and Y139. Mutations of VKOR can lead to warfarin resistance which decreases its anticoagulation effects. Different mutations introduce varying degrees of resistance. These mutations are important to recognize as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superwarfarin super-warfarin's] can be overly effective in anticoagulation and become detrimental to blood flow.
 === Mutations ===
@@ Line 58: / Line 58: @@
 . Liu S, Li S, Shen G, Sukumar N, Krezel AM, Li W. Structural basis of antagonizing the vitamin K catalytic cycle for anticoagulation. Science. 2021 Jan 1;371(6524):eabc5667. doi: 10.1126/science.abc5667. Epub 2020 Nov 5. PMID: 33154105; PMCID: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7946407/ PMC7946407].
-. Yang W., et. al. “VKORC1 Haplotypes Are Associated With Arterial Vascular Diseases (Stroke, Coronary Heart Disease, and Aortic Dissection)” (2006) Circulation. ;113:1615–1621 [https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.580167]
+. Patel S, Singh R, Preuss CV, Patel N. Warfarin. 2022 Jan 19. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan–. PMID: 29261922.
+. Yang W., et. al. “VKORC1 Haplotypes Are Associated With Arterial Vascular Diseases (Stroke, Coronary Heart Disease, and Aortic Dissection)” (2006) Circulation. ;113:1615–1621 [https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.580167]
 <references/>