Sandbox Reserved 1700: Difference between revisions
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== Background == | == Background == | ||
GCPR’s or G-Protein Coupled Receptors are a large family of protein receptors that promote cellular signaling and signal transduction <ref name= “Tuteja”>PMID: 19826234</ref>. GPCRs transmit extracellular signals to intracellular messages. Many essential pathways utilize GPCRs, including human vision by the GPCR [https://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Rhodopsin Rhodopsin], and the | GCPR’s or G-Protein Coupled Receptors are a large family of protein receptors that promote cellular signaling and signal transduction <ref name= “Tuteja”>PMID: 19826234</ref>. GPCRs transmit extracellular signals to intracellular messages. Many essential pathways utilize GPCRs, including human vision by the GPCR [https://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Rhodopsin Rhodopsin], and the adrenaline fight-or-flight response by the [https://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Beta2_adrenergic_receptor-Gs_protein_complex_updated β2-adrenoceptor GPCR]. Understanding GPCR’s and how they produce their desired intracellular signal is essential to studying essential cellular pathways, especially in their diseased states. GCPRs are common drug targets, with 475 drugs acting on over 100 GPCRs. An additional 300 drugs are in clinical trial stages, and 20% of those drugs are targeting novel GPCRs <ref name="Hauser">PMID:29075003</ref>. Because of the clinical relevance of GPCRs, new structures provide new avenues for drug development to both treat disease or modulate the harmful side effects. | ||
Some cells in the human body that express the MRGPRX2 receptor include mast cells in the skin, intestines, and trachea <ref name="Porebski">PMID:30619367</ref><ref name="Dondalska">PMID: 33101278</ref>. Mast cells are immune cells responsible for triggering inflammatory responses and are densely packed with granules containing inflammatory chemicals <ref name= "Dondalska" />. Mast cells can be activated by either antibodies from the immune response or upon ligands binding to MRGPRX2 receptors on their surface<ref name="McNeil">PMID: 25517090</ref>. Upon activation, mast cells will release granules containing histamine and other inflammatory chemicals in the body, which can trigger a larger inflammatory response <ref name= "Dondalska" /><ref name="McNeil" />. These responses induce common allergic reaction and anaphylaxis symptoms, such as cutaneous itching sensations or airway constriction | Some cells in the human body that express the MRGPRX2 receptor include mast cells in the skin, intestines, and trachea <ref name="Porebski">PMID:30619367</ref><ref name="Dondalska">PMID: 33101278</ref>. Mast cells are immune cells responsible for triggering inflammatory responses and are densely packed with granules containing inflammatory chemicals <ref name= "Dondalska" />. Mast cells can be activated by either antibodies from the immune response or upon ligands binding to MRGPRX2 receptors on their surface<ref name="McNeil">PMID: 25517090</ref>. Upon activation, mast cells will release granules containing histamine and other inflammatory chemicals in the body, which can trigger a larger inflammatory response <ref name= "Dondalska" /><ref name="McNeil" />. These responses induce common allergic reaction and anaphylaxis symptoms, such as cutaneous itching sensations or airway constriction | ||
