Sandbox Reserved 1709: Difference between revisions

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== Introduction==

=== Biological Role ===

<scene name='90/~~906893~~/Vkor_structure/1'>Vitamin K ~~epoxide reductase~~</scene> (VKOR) is a reducing enzyme composed of 4-helices that spans the endoplasmic reticulum as a transmembrane protein<ref>DOI 10.1126/science.abc5667</ref>. Its enzymatic role is reducing <scene name='90/906893/Vkor_with_ko/1'>vitamin K epoxide</scene> (KO) to Vitamin K Hydroquinone (KH2)<ref>DOI 10.1021/bi700527j</ref> (Figure 1). The mechanism first occurs through the binding KO and using two cysteine residues to reduce KO into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_K Vitamin K]. Then, a second pair of cysteine residues will reduce Vitamin K into the final product, KH2 (Figure 1). One of VKORs primary roles is to assist in blood coagulation through this KH2 regeneration mechanism.[[Image:VKOR_mechanism_2D.png|450 px|right|thumb|Figure 1. Mechanism of KO reduction into KH2.]] With Vitamin K as a cofactor, the [https://www.britannica.com/science/bleeding/The-extrinsic-pathway-of-blood-coagulation#ref64617 γ-carboxylase] enzyme will enact post-translational modification on KH2, oxidizing it back to KO <ref>DOI 10.1074/jbc.RA120.015401</ref>. The oxidation of KH2 by γ-carboxylase is coupled with the carboxylation of a glutamate residue to form γ-carboxyglutamate. The coupling of this oxidation and carboxylation will activate several clotting factors in the coagulation cascade.

<scene name='90/904314/Vkor_structure/1'>Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase</scene> (VKOR) is a reducing enzyme composed of 4-helices that spans the endoplasmic reticulum as a transmembrane protein<ref>DOI 10.1126/science.abc5667</ref>. Its enzymatic role is reducing <scene name='90/906893/Vkor_with_ko/1'>vitamin K epoxide</scene> (KO) to Vitamin K Hydroquinone (KH2)<ref>DOI 10.1021/bi700527j</ref> (Figure 1). The mechanism first occurs through the binding KO and using two cysteine residues to reduce KO into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_K Vitamin K]. Then, a second pair of cysteine residues will reduce Vitamin K into the final product, KH2 (Figure 1). One of VKORs primary roles is to assist in blood coagulation through this KH2 regeneration mechanism.[[Image:VKOR_mechanism_2D.png|450 px|right|thumb|Figure 1. Mechanism of KO reduction into KH2.]] With Vitamin K as a cofactor, the [https://www.britannica.com/science/bleeding/The-extrinsic-pathway-of-blood-coagulation#ref64617 γ-carboxylase] enzyme will enact post-translational modification on KH2, oxidizing it back to KO <ref>DOI 10.1074/jbc.RA120.015401</ref>. The oxidation of KH2 by γ-carboxylase is coupled with the carboxylation of a glutamate residue to form γ-carboxyglutamate. The coupling of this oxidation and carboxylation will activate several clotting factors in the coagulation cascade.

=== Author's Notes ===

Sandbox Reserved 1709: Difference between revisions

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@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 == Introduction==
 === Biological Role ===
-<scene name='90/906893/Vkor_structure/1'>Vitamin K epoxide reductase</scene> (VKOR) is a reducing enzyme composed of 4-helices that spans the endoplasmic reticulum as a transmembrane protein<ref>DOI 10.1126/science.abc5667</ref>. Its enzymatic role is reducing <scene name='90/906893/Vkor_with_ko/1'>vitamin K epoxide</scene> (KO) to Vitamin K Hydroquinone (KH2)<ref>DOI 10.1021/bi700527j</ref> (Figure 1). The mechanism first occurs through the binding KO and using two cysteine residues to reduce KO into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_K Vitamin K]. Then, a second pair of cysteine residues will reduce Vitamin K into the final product, KH2 (Figure 1). One of VKORs primary roles is to assist in blood coagulation through this KH2 regeneration mechanism.[[Image:VKOR_mechanism_2D.png|450 px|right|thumb|Figure 1. Mechanism of KO reduction into KH2.]] With Vitamin K as a cofactor, the [https://www.britannica.com/science/bleeding/The-extrinsic-pathway-of-blood-coagulation#ref64617 γ-carboxylase] enzyme will enact post-translational modification on KH2, oxidizing it back to KO <ref>DOI 10.1074/jbc.RA120.015401</ref>. The oxidation of KH2 by γ-carboxylase is coupled with the carboxylation of a glutamate residue to form γ-carboxyglutamate. The coupling of this oxidation and carboxylation will activate several clotting factors in the coagulation cascade.
+<scene name='90/904314/Vkor_structure/1'>Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase</scene> (VKOR) is a reducing enzyme composed of 4-helices that spans the endoplasmic reticulum as a transmembrane protein<ref>DOI 10.1126/science.abc5667</ref>. Its enzymatic role is reducing <scene name='90/906893/Vkor_with_ko/1'>vitamin K epoxide</scene> (KO) to Vitamin K Hydroquinone (KH2)<ref>DOI 10.1021/bi700527j</ref> (Figure 1). The mechanism first occurs through the binding KO and using two cysteine residues to reduce KO into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_K Vitamin K]. Then, a second pair of cysteine residues will reduce Vitamin K into the final product, KH2 (Figure 1). One of VKORs primary roles is to assist in blood coagulation through this KH2 regeneration mechanism.[[Image:VKOR_mechanism_2D.png|450 px|right|thumb|Figure 1. Mechanism of KO reduction into KH2.]] With Vitamin K as a cofactor, the [https://www.britannica.com/science/bleeding/The-extrinsic-pathway-of-blood-coagulation#ref64617 γ-carboxylase] enzyme will enact post-translational modification on KH2, oxidizing it back to KO <ref>DOI 10.1074/jbc.RA120.015401</ref>. The oxidation of KH2 by γ-carboxylase is coupled with the carboxylation of a glutamate residue to form γ-carboxyglutamate. The coupling of this oxidation and carboxylation will activate several clotting factors in the coagulation cascade.
 === Author's Notes ===