GLUT1: Difference between revisions
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==Structure== | ==Structure== | ||
<StructureSection load='4pyp' size='340' side='right' caption='Caption for this structure' scene=''> | <StructureSection load='4pyp' size='340' side='right' caption='Caption for this structure' scene=''> | ||
The GLUT1 is an insulin-independent glucose transporter expressed by all cells in the body to maintain adequate baseline glucose uptake. Tissues that express GLUT1 at high concentrations include (but are not limited to): the placenta and fetal tissues, epithelial cells of the retina and mammary gland, and the brain.<ref>PMID:31942129L</ref> The GLUT1 transporter works synergistically with the GLUT3 transporter in the brain. Astrocytes and endothelial cells of brain capillaries primarily express GLUT1 and neurons primarily express GLUT3. GLUT1 has a relatively high Km and is upregulated in times of hypoglycemia in the brain to ensure adequate glucose uptake. GLUT3 has a low Km to ensure a steady supply of glucose for neurons even when extracellular glucose concentrations are low.<ref>PMID:32789766</ref> | The GLUT1 is an insulin-independent glucose transporter expressed by all cells in the body to maintain adequate baseline glucose uptake. Tissues that express GLUT1 at high concentrations include (but are not limited to): the placenta and fetal tissues, epithelial cells of the retina and mammary gland, and the brain.<ref>PMID:31942129L</ref> The GLUT1 transporter works synergistically with the GLUT3 transporter in the brain. Astrocytes and endothelial cells of brain capillaries primarily express GLUT1 and neurons primarily express GLUT3. GLUT1 has a relatively high Km and is upregulated in times of hypoglycemia in the brain to ensure adequate glucose uptake. GLUT3 has a low Km to ensure a steady supply of glucose for neurons even when extracellular glucose concentrations are low.<ref>PMID:32789766</ref> | ||
