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| Additionally, B-cells have been studied in use for other therapies. For instance, research on mice has shown that manipulation of the genetic composition of their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitope epitope] region to recognize an antigen specific to cancer cells, reduced overall tumor size <Ref name="Page A">Page A, Hubert J, Fusil F, Cosset FL. Exploiting B Cell Transfer for Cancer Therapy: Engineered B Cells to Eradicate Tumors. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 16;22(18):9991. doi: 10.3390/ijms22189991. PMID: 34576154; PMCID: PMC8468294. </Ref>. Furthermore, the B-cell signal pathway has been researched as a target in therapies for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia CLL]). This disease arises from the overproduction of B-cell and other immune cells that are nonfunctional. Research regarding this pathway has focused on producing [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_antagonist antagonists] for certain kinases that cause this over proliferation of cells and has had initial success <Ref name="Woyach JA">Woyach JA, Johnson AJ, Byrd JC. The B-cell receptor signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in CLL. Blood. 2012 Aug 9;120(6):1175-84. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-02-362624. Epub 2012 Jun 19. PMID: 22715122; PMCID: PMC3418714. </Ref>. The engineering of B-cells and manipulation of its biochemical pathway has promising uses in medicine.
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