5-hydroxytryptamine receptor: Difference between revisions
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'''5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), Serotonin receptors''' are found on the membrane of neurons in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. These receptors allow for the body to respond to serotonin and regulate many biological pathways. Serotonin, also known as 5 hydroxytryptamine, is an endogenous neurotransmitter made from tryptophan and is largely found in the gastrointestinal tract. It is known to regulate mood, appetite, digestion, circadian rhythm, learning and internal temperature regulation. It is can be an inhibitory or excitatory neurotransmitter that is released into the synaptic space and can bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron or be taken back up into the presynaptic neuron via Serotonin re-uptake transporters.<ref>Goodsell D. ''Serotonin Receptor''. RCSB PDB-101 (2013) [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/101/motm.do?momID=164 DOI: 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2013_8]</ref> 5-HT receptors are classified into 7 different subfamilies (5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT3, etc.) by signaling mechanisms and homology of structure. All 5-HT receptors are known to have G-protein linked pathways except for the 5-HT3 receptor which acts as an ion channel. <ref name ="one">Wang C, Jiang Y, Ma J, Wu H, Wacker D, Katritch V, Han GW, Liu W, Huang XP, Vardy E, McCorvy JD, Gao X, Zhou EZ, Melcher K, Zhang C, Bai F, Yang H, Yang L, Jiang H, Roth BL, Cherezov V, Stevens RC, Xu HE. Structural Basis for Molecular Recognition at Serotonin Receptors. Science. 2013 May 3; 340(6132): 610–614. PMID:3644373 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3644373/]</ref> | '''5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), Serotonin receptors''' are found on the membrane of neurons in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. These receptors allow for the body to respond to serotonin and regulate many biological pathways. Serotonin, also known as 5 hydroxytryptamine, is an endogenous neurotransmitter made from tryptophan and is largely found in the gastrointestinal tract. It is known to regulate mood, appetite, digestion, circadian rhythm, learning and internal temperature regulation. It is can be an inhibitory or excitatory neurotransmitter that is released into the synaptic space and can bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron or be taken back up into the presynaptic neuron via Serotonin re-uptake transporters.<ref>Goodsell D. ''Serotonin Receptor''. RCSB PDB-101 (2013) [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/101/motm.do?momID=164 DOI: 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2013_8]</ref> 5-HT receptors are classified into 7 different subfamilies (5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT3, etc.) by signaling mechanisms and homology of structure. All 5-HT receptors are known to have G-protein linked pathways except for the 5-HT3 receptor which acts as an ion channel. <ref name ="one">Wang C, Jiang Y, Ma J, Wu H, Wacker D, Katritch V, Han GW, Liu W, Huang XP, Vardy E, McCorvy JD, Gao X, Zhou EZ, Melcher K, Zhang C, Bai F, Yang H, Yang L, Jiang H, Roth BL, Cherezov V, Stevens RC, Xu HE. Structural Basis for Molecular Recognition at Serotonin Receptors. Science. 2013 May 3; 340(6132): 610–614. PMID:3644373 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3644373/]</ref> | ||
There are several subtypes of 5-HT receptors, each with its unique properties and distribution in different tissues and organs. These subtypes are classified based on their molecular structure and signaling mechanisms. Currently, 14 subtypes of serotonin receptors have been identified and designated as 5-HT1 to 5-HT7, with additional subtypes denoted by alphabetical suffixes. | |||
The various subtypes of 5-HT receptors mediate diverse effects of serotonin throughout the body. They are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS), as well as in peripheral tissues, such as the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and immune systems. | |||
The activation of 5-HT receptors by serotonin triggers intracellular signaling pathways that regulate neuronal excitability, neurotransmitter release, mood, cognition, sleep, appetite, pain perception, and various other physiological and behavioral functions. The different subtypes of 5-HT receptors have distinct effects and functions, and they can exert both inhibitory and excitatory effects on neuronal activity. | |||
Selective targeting of specific 5-HT receptor subtypes has been a focus in the development of medications for various conditions, including depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, migraine, and gastrointestinal disorders. Modulating the activity of these receptors can lead to therapeutic effects by affecting serotonin signaling pathways. | |||
Overall, the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, or serotonin receptors, play crucial roles in regulating numerous physiological and behavioral processes throughout the body. Understanding their functions and signaling mechanisms is essential for advancing our knowledge of serotonin-related disorders and developing targeted therapies. | |||
== Structural highlights/Specific Function of 5-HT1B== | == Structural highlights/Specific Function of 5-HT1B== | ||
