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<StructureSection load='1kbk' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1kbk]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.90&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='1kbk' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1kbk]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.90&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1kbk]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1KBK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1KBK FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1kbk]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1KBK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1KBK FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.9&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=PCA:PYROGLUTAMIC+ACID'>PCA</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PCA:PYROGLUTAMIC+ACID'>PCA</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-amylase Alpha-amylase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.2.1.1 3.2.1.1] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1kbk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1kbk OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1kbk PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1kbk RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1kbk PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1kbk ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1kbk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1kbk OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1kbk PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1kbk RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1kbk PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1kbk ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AMYP_HUMAN AMYP_HUMAN]
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
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</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1kbk ConSurf].
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1kbk ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The roles of three conserved active site carboxylic acids (D197, E233, and D300) in the catalytic mechanism of human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA) were studied by utilizing site-directed mutagenesis in combination with structural and kinetic analyses of the resultant enzymes. All three residues were mutated to both alanine and the respective amide, and a double alanine mutant (E233A/D300A) was also generated. Structural analyses demonstrated that there were no significant differences in global fold for the mutant enzymes. Kinetic analyses were performed on the mutants, utilizing a range of substrates. All results suggested that D197 was the nucleophile, as virtually all activity (&gt;10(5)-fold decrease in k(cat) values) was lost for the enzymes mutated at this position when assayed with several substrates. The significantly greater second-order rate constant of E233 mutants on "activated" substrates (k(cat)/K(m) value for alpha-maltotriosyl fluoride = 15 s(-)(1) mM(-)(1)) compared with "unactivated" substrates (k(cat)/K(m) value for maltopentaose = 0.0030 s(-)(1) mM(-)(1)) strongly suggested that E233 is the general acid catalyst, as did the pH-activity profiles. Transglycosylation was favored over hydrolysis for the reactions of several of the enzymes mutated at D300. At the least, this suggests an overall impairment of the catalytic mechanism where the reaction then proceeds using the better acceptor (oligosaccharide instead of water). This may also suggest that D300 plays a crucial role in enzymic interactions with the nucleophilic water during the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond.
Mechanistic analyses of catalysis in human pancreatic alpha-amylase: detailed kinetic and structural studies of mutants of three conserved carboxylic acids.,Rydberg EH, Li C, Maurus R, Overall CM, Brayer GD, Withers SG Biochemistry. 2002 Apr 2;41(13):4492-502. PMID:11914097<ref>PMID:11914097</ref>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 1kbk" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Amylase 3D structures|Amylase 3D structures]]
*[[Amylase 3D structures|Amylase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Alpha-amylase]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Brayer, G D]]
[[Category: Brayer GD]]
[[Category: Li, C]]
[[Category: Li C]]
[[Category: Maurus, R]]
[[Category: Maurus R]]
[[Category: Overall, C M]]
[[Category: Overall CM]]
[[Category: Rydberg, E H]]
[[Category: Rydberg EH]]
[[Category: Withers, S G]]
[[Category: Withers SG]]
[[Category: Amylase]]
[[Category: Carbohydrate metabolism]]
[[Category: Catalysis]]
[[Category: Diabetes]]
[[Category: Enzyme]]
[[Category: Glycosidase]]
[[Category: Glycosylation]]
[[Category: Hydrolase]]
[[Category: Mutagenesis]]
[[Category: Pancreatic]]

Revision as of 07:59, 3 April 2024

Mechanistic Analyses of Catalysis in Human Pancreatic Alpha-Amylase: Detailed Kinetic and Structural Studies of Mutants of Three Conserved Carboxylic Acids

1kbk, resolution 1.90Å

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