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==NMR Structure of Hellethionin D==
==NMR Structure of Hellethionin D==
<StructureSection load='1nbl' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1nbl]], [[NMR_Ensembles_of_Models | 20 NMR models]]' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='1nbl' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1nbl]]' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1nbl]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helleborus_purpurascens Helleborus purpurascens]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1NBL OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1NBL FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1nbl]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helleborus_purpurascens Helleborus purpurascens]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1NBL OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1NBL FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1nbl FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1nbl OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1nbl PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1nbl RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1nbl PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1nbl ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1nbl FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1nbl OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1nbl PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1nbl RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1nbl PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1nbl ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THND_HELPU THND_HELPU] Thionins are small plant proteins which are toxic to animal cells. They seem to exert their toxic effect at the level of the cell membrane. Their precise function is not known.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
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</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1nbl ConSurf].
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1nbl ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Thionins are relatively small-sized multiple-cystine peptides that are probably involved in the plant defense against pathogens. As such, these peptides constitute promising candidates for engineered plant resistance in the agricultural industry. More recently, thionins have been proposed as potential immunotoxins in tumor therapy. In the search for pharmacologically active natural products, a new family of thionins was recently discovered in the roots of Helleborus purpurascens that accordingly were termed hellethionins. The structural characterization by NMR of one representative member of this family, i.e., of hellethionin D, clearly reveals that thionins from different sources share a highly conserved overall fold. In fact, the well-defined 3D structure of hellethionin D is very similar to those reported so far for viscotoxins, purothionins, or crambin, although distinct differences could be detected in the C-terminal portion, especially for loop 36-39. These differences may derive from the unusual distribution of charged residues in the C-terminal half of the peptide sequence compared to other thionins and from the uncommon occurrence of four contiguous threonine residues in loop 36-39. As expected, reduction of the disulfide bonds in hellethionin D leads to complete unfolding, but upon oxidative refolding by air oxygen in the presence of glutathione the correct isomer is recovered in high yields, confirming the very robust fold of this class of bioactive cystine peptides.
Structural characterization of hellethionins from Helleborus purpurascens.,Milbradt AG, Kerek F, Moroder L, Renner C Biochemistry. 2003 Mar 4;42(8):2404-11. PMID:12600207<ref>PMID:12600207</ref>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 1nbl" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Helleborus purpurascens]]
[[Category: Helleborus purpurascens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Kerek, F]]
[[Category: Kerek F]]
[[Category: Milbradt, A G]]
[[Category: Milbradt AG]]
[[Category: Moroder, L]]
[[Category: Moroder L]]
[[Category: Renner, C]]
[[Category: Renner C]]
[[Category: Gamma thionins helleborus]]
[[Category: Toxin]]
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