User:Brynn Baker/Sandbox1: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:AmylinFlowchart.png|300 px|right|thumb|Figure 2. Effects of Amylin in Humans]] | [[Image:AmylinFlowchart.png|300 px|right|thumb|Figure 2. Effects of Amylin in Humans]] | ||
Amylin is a neuroendocrine hormone that is synthesized with insulin in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_cell beta cells] of pancreatic islets. It can cross the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier blood-brain barrier] and regulates glucose homeostasis via inhibiting gastric emptying, inhibiting the release of glucagon, and inducing meal-ending satiety<ref name="Hay">PMID:26071095</ref>. In doing so, it prevents spikes in blood glucose and overeating, making it a suitable target for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes Type 2 Diabetes] treatments and therapies. Seeing as Type 2 Diabetes is a major risk factor for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease Alzheimer's Disease], as Type 2 Diabetes cases continue to increase, there will likely be a spike in Alzheimer’s Disease as well<ref name="Grizzanti">PMID:30282360</ref>. Therefore, it is vital that amylin, its receptor, and analogs, such as pramlintide, are understood to aid in rational drug design. | Amylin is a neuroendocrine hormone that is synthesized with insulin in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_cell beta cells] of pancreatic islets. It can cross the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier blood-brain barrier] and regulates glucose homeostasis via inhibiting gastric emptying, inhibiting the release of glucagon, and inducing meal-ending satiety<ref name="Hay">PMID:26071095</ref>. In doing so, it prevents spikes in blood glucose and overeating, making it a suitable target for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes Type 2 Diabetes] treatments and therapies. Seeing as Type 2 Diabetes is a major risk factor for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease Alzheimer's Disease], as Type 2 Diabetes cases continue to increase, there will likely be a spike in Alzheimer’s Disease as well<ref name="Grizzanti">PMID:30282360</ref>. Therefore, it is vital that amylin, its receptor, and analogs, such as pramlintide, are understood to aid in rational drug design. | ||
[[Image:Amylin_alignment_sequence.png]] | |||
Amylin is extremely conserved among species to maintain proper structure and function. Some of the main conserved residues are Lysine 1, Cysteine 2, Alanine 5, Threonine 6, and Cysteine 7. These conserved residues exhibit extensive hydrogen bonding networks between other residues or surrounding water molecules. There is also a disulfide bond between C2 and C7 that is conserved across almost every species. This disulfide causes the N-terminus of amylin to wrap around. | Amylin is extremely conserved among species to maintain proper structure and function. Some of the main conserved residues are Lysine 1, Cysteine 2, Alanine 5, Threonine 6, and Cysteine 7. These conserved residues exhibit extensive hydrogen bonding networks between other residues or surrounding water molecules. There is also a disulfide bond between C2 and C7 that is conserved across almost every species. This disulfide causes the N-terminus of amylin to wrap around. | ||
