User:Brynn Baker/Sandbox1: Difference between revisions
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== Amylin == | == Amylin == | ||
[[Image:AmylinFlowchart.png|300 px|right|thumb|Figure 1. Effects of Amylin in Humans]] | [[Image:AmylinFlowchart.png|300 px|right|thumb|Figure 1. Effects of Amylin in Humans. Image generated using ''Biorender''.]] | ||
Amylin is a neuroendocrine hormone that is synthesized with insulin in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_cell beta cells] of pancreatic islets. It can cross the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier blood-brain barrier] and regulates glucose homeostasis via inhibiting gastric emptying, inhibiting the release of glucagon, and inducing meal-ending satiety<ref name="Hay">PMID:26071095</ref>. In doing so, it prevents spikes in blood glucose and overeating, making it a suitable target for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes Type 2 Diabetes] treatments and therapies. Since Type 2 Diabetes is a major risk factor for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease Alzheimer's Disease], as Type 2 Diabetes cases continue to increase, there will likely be a spike in Alzheimer’s Disease as well<ref name="Grizzanti">PMID:30282360</ref>. Therefore, it is vital that amylin, its receptor, and analogs, such as pramlintide, are understood to aid in rational drug design. | Amylin is a neuroendocrine hormone that is synthesized with insulin in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_cell beta cells] of pancreatic islets. It can cross the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier blood-brain barrier] and regulates glucose homeostasis via inhibiting gastric emptying, inhibiting the release of glucagon, and inducing meal-ending satiety<ref name="Hay">PMID:26071095</ref>. In doing so, it prevents spikes in blood glucose and overeating, making it a suitable target for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes Type 2 Diabetes] treatments and therapies. Since Type 2 Diabetes is a major risk factor for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease Alzheimer's Disease], as Type 2 Diabetes cases continue to increase, there will likely be a spike in Alzheimer’s Disease as well<ref name="Grizzanti">PMID:30282360</ref>. Therefore, it is vital that amylin, its receptor, and analogs, such as pramlintide, are understood to aid in rational drug design. | ||
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== Amylin Receptor == | == Amylin Receptor == | ||
The amylin receptor (AMYR) is the result of the heterodimerization of the <scene name='10/1037516/Ct/2'>calcitonin receptor</scene> and a RAMP, such as <scene name='10/1037520/Ramp3/5'>RAMP3</scene>. The patterns of peptide interaction between CT and AMYR are very similar overall, but amylin has a higher affinity for AMYR1 and AMYR3 than AMYR2<ref name="Cao">PMID:35324283</ref>. | The amylin receptor (AMYR) is the result of the heterodimerization of the <scene name='10/1037516/Ct/2'>calcitonin receptor</scene> and a RAMP, such as <scene name='10/1037520/Ramp3/5'>RAMP3</scene>. The patterns of peptide interaction between CT and AMYR are very similar overall, but amylin has a higher affinity for AMYR1 and AMYR3 than AMYR2<ref name="Cao">PMID:35324283</ref>. | ||
[[Image:AMYR.png|300 px|left|thumb|Figure 3. Heterodimerization of CT and RAMPs]] | [[Image:AMYR.png|300 px|left|thumb|Figure 3. Heterodimerization of CT and RAMPs. Image generated using ''Biorender''.]] | ||
== Calcitonin Receptor and G-alpha Interactions == | == Calcitonin Receptor and G-alpha Interactions == | ||
