User:Adam Davis/Sandbox 1: Difference between revisions
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==PPARδ Bound to GW074== | ==PPARδ Bound to GW074== | ||
==Introduction== | == Introduction == | ||
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate metabolism. They are divided into three families: α, γ, and δ. PPARδ is activated by endogenous lipids, and plays a role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Synthetic PPARδ agonists hold significant promise for treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. (Note: In the literature, PPARδ is sometimes also called PPARβ). | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate metabolism. They are divided into three families: α, γ, and δ. PPARδ is activated by endogenous lipids, and plays a role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Synthetic PPARδ agonists hold significant promise for treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. (Note: In the literature, PPARδ is sometimes also called PPARβ). | ||
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== Function == | == Function == | ||
PPARs are ligand-activated transcription factors. These receptors are activated by a number of endogenous lipids, but synthetic ligands have also been developed for therapeutic use<ref>DOI 10.1016/j.phrs.2004.07.012</ref>. After activation, PPAR forms a heterodimer with the | PPARs are ligand-activated transcription factors. These receptors are activated by a number of endogenous lipids, but synthetic ligands have also been developed for therapeutic use<ref>DOI 10.1016/j.phrs.2004.07.012</ref>. After activation, PPAR forms a heterodimer with the [[Retinoid X receptor]], and the complex binds to DNA, either stimulating or repressing transcription of genes involved in glucose or lipid metabolism. | ||
PPARδ is found in many tissues, but is most highly expressed in the gut, kidney, and heart<ref>DOI 10.1210/edrv.20.5.0380</ref>. It is activated by fatty acids, triglycerides, prostacyclin, and retinoic acid<ref>DOI doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.12.001</ref>. Though it is the least studied PPAR, its known functions include regulating acyl-CoA synthetase 2 expression and mediating embryo implantation<ref>DOI 10.1074/jbc.274.50.35881</ref><ref>DOI 10.1101/gad.13.12.1561</ref>. | PPARδ is found in many tissues, but is most highly expressed in the gut, kidney, and heart<ref>DOI 10.1210/edrv.20.5.0380</ref>. It is activated by fatty acids, triglycerides, prostacyclin, and retinoic acid<ref>DOI doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.12.001</ref>. Though it is the least studied PPAR, its known functions include regulating acyl-CoA synthetase 2 expression and mediating embryo implantation<ref>DOI 10.1074/jbc.274.50.35881</ref><ref>DOI 10.1101/gad.13.12.1561</ref>. | ||
