User:Jacob A. Ray/Sandbox 1: Difference between revisions
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The Indian blood group system recognizes a handful of CD44 mutants at possible antigens for blood transfusion and organ transplant.<ref name="blood">PMID: 22462102</ref> Originally only two antigens were recognized, In<sup>a</sup> and In<sup>b</sup> with 2.38% and 100% frequency respectively in blood donors from Mumbai.<ref name="IBG">PMID: 29691150</ref> Up to three new antigens have been detected in certain populations. All <scene name='10/1079558/IBG/1'>mutants</scene> affect a unique single amino acid in the globular extracellular domain but opposite the HA binding cleft.<ref name="IBG" /> | The Indian blood group system recognizes a handful of CD44 mutants at possible antigens for blood transfusion and organ transplant.<ref name="blood">PMID: 22462102</ref> Originally only two antigens were recognized, In<sup>a</sup> and In<sup>b</sup> with 2.38% and 100% frequency respectively in blood donors from Mumbai.<ref name="IBG">PMID: 29691150</ref> Up to three new antigens have been detected in certain populations. All <scene name='10/1079558/IBG/1'>mutants</scene> affect a unique single amino acid in the globular extracellular domain but opposite the HA binding cleft.<ref name="IBG" /> | ||
CD44 has also been shown to be an important co-receptor for the invasion of erythrocytes by ''Plasmodium falciparum''<ref name="plas">PMID: 37832027</ref>, the major causative agent of [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria | CD44 has also been shown to be an important co-receptor for the invasion of erythrocytes by ''Plasmodium falciparum''<ref name="plas">PMID: 37832027</ref>, the major causative agent of [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria malaria] in humans.<ref>Zekar L, Sharman T. Plasmodium falciparum Malaria. [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555962/</ref> Deletion of the CD44 gene from human hematopoietic stem cells results in production of seemingly fully functional erythrocytes that are resistant to ''Plasmodium falciparum'' invasion.<ref name="plas" /> | ||
Due to its key role in interacting with the extracellular matrix, altered expression of CD44 in tumors is associated with an increased risk of metastasis.<ref>PMID: 7507492</ref> For example, benign human prostate cell express CD44v5, but after neoplasia they shift to express soluble CD44 which contains no variable peptides. CD44 expression on vascular endothelial cells contributes to the regulation of angiogenesis and may be leveraged by tumors to increase local blood supply.<ref name="frontier"> | Due to its key role in interacting with the extracellular matrix, altered expression of CD44 in tumors is associated with an increased risk of metastasis.<ref>PMID: 7507492</ref> For example, benign human prostate cell express CD44v5, but after neoplasia they shift to express soluble CD44 which contains no variable peptides. CD44 expression on vascular endothelial cells contributes to the regulation of angiogenesis and may be leveraged by tumors to increase local blood supply.<ref name="frontier"> | ||
