9ssa

Human angiotensin 1-converting enzyme C-domain in complex with zofenoprilat

spinqualitylabelsall models 9ssa, resolution 1.90Å Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D Structural highlights 9ssa is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance. Method: X-ray diffraction, Resolution 1.9Å Ligands: BMA, BO3, CL, CSO, EDO, FUC, GOL, IMD, MAN, NAG, PEG, ZED, ZN Resources: FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT Disease ACE_HUMAN Genetic variations in ACE may be a cause of susceptibility to ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR) [MIM:601367; also known as cerebrovascular accident or cerebral infarction. A stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. Defects in ACE are a cause of renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) [MIM:267430. RTD is an autosomal recessive severe disorder of renal tubular development characterized by persistent fetal anuria and perinatal death, probably due to pulmonary hypoplasia from early-onset oligohydramnios (the Potter phenotype). Genetic variations in ACE are associated with susceptibility to microvascular complications of diabetes type 3 (MVCD3) [MIM:612624. These are pathological conditions that develop in numerous tissues and organs as a consequence of diabetes mellitus. They include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy leading to end-stage renal disease, and diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy remains the major cause of new-onset blindness among diabetic adults. It is characterized by vascular permeability and increased tissue ischemia and angiogenesis. Defects in ACE are a cause of susceptibility to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) [MIM:614519. A pathological condition characterized by bleeding into one or both cerebral hemispheres including the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex. It is often associated with hypertension and craniocerebral trauma. Intracerebral bleeding is a common cause of stroke. Function ACE_HUMAN Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II by release of the terminal His-Leu, this results in an increase of the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin. Also able to inactivate bradykinin, a potent vasodilator. Has also a glycosidase activity which releases GPI-anchored proteins from the membrane by cleaving the mannose linkage in the GPI moiety. Publication Abstract from PubMed Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc-dependent dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase involved in blood pressure regulation through proteolysis of angiotensin I (Ang-I) into the potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II (Ang-II). Inhibition of ACE is therefore used for the treatment of hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke and chronic kidney disease. Current ACE inhibitors (ACEi) bind both the N- and C-catalytic domains of ACE (referred to as nACE and cACE), and this has been linked to the occurrence of side effects due to the wide substrate specificity of ACE. The development of domain selective ACEi with reduced side effects is therefore key for improved therapeutic intervention. Understanding how current ACEi bind nACE and cACE, and their differences in domain selectivity should aid structure-based development of more selective ACEi by identifying different chemical groups that increase or decrease selectivity. We present the kinetic and structural characterisation of nACE and cACE with three thiolate ACEi, captopril (K(i), nACE = 2.53 nm and cACE = 2.04 nm), rentiapril (monomer K(i), nACE = 2.22 nm and cACE = 6.77 nm) and zofenoprilat (K(i), nACE = 2.86 nm and cACE = 0.61 nm). Detailed structural analysis indicated that the S2' subsite likely contributes to the variation in domain selectivity observed for rentiapril and zofenoprilat due to differences in hydrophobicity and displacement of water molecules that contribute to ACE's hydration shell. Interestingly, in the cACE crystal structure, rentiapril bound as a dimer, and kinetic data revealed that both the monomeric and dimeric (dimer K(i), nACE = 15.11 nm and cACE = 36.38 nm) forms of rentiapril inhibit ACE with nanomolar affinity. Kinetic and structural characterisation of domain-specific angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibition by captopril, rentiapril and zofenoprilat.,Gregory KS, Ramasamy V, Sturrock ED, Acharya KR FEBS J. 2026 Feb 3. doi: 10.1111/febs.70428. PMID:41631382 From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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