Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme

spinqualitylabelsall models Structure of human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 (green) complex with ubiquitin (deepskyblue) (PDB entry 3ptf) Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D Function Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (Ubc) or E2 enzyme catalyzes the second step in the ubiquitination of a protein tagged to be degraded by the proteasome. Ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1) and ATP produce a C-terminal acyl adenylated ubiquitin molecule which binds to ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2) (Ubc) cysteine. The Ubc then binds to ubiquitin ligase (E3) via a conserved binding region. E3 catalyzes the transfer of ubiquitin from the Ubc-ubiquitin complex to a lysine residue of the target protein. Ubc13 makes a catalytically active heterodimer with MMS2. UBC2 is required for silencing in yeast. UBC4 UBC5 mediate selective degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins. UBC6 and UBC J2 participate in ER-associated protein degradation. UBC7 or UBC13 is key in the process of tagging target proteins with Lys63-linked polyubiquitin. For more details on Ubc13 see UBC13 MMS2. UBC8 is interferon-inducible. UBC9 or SUMO conjugating enzyme Ubc9 is required for sumoylation. For more details on Ubc9 see SUMO conjugating enzyme Ubc9. UBC16 conjugates ubiquitin to its N-terminus and to that of the small ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO. UBC D2,D3,Q1 functions in the ubiquitination of the tumor suppressor p53. UBC G2 functions in identification and degradation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. UBC H acts on histones and cytoskeletal proteins. UBC K,R1 preferentially catalyses the formation of ubiquitin chain links to proteasome-bound proteins to Lys48. UBC S preferentially catalyses the formation of ubiquitin chain links of Lys11 to histones . UBC T acts in the Fanconi anemia pathway which is required for the efficient repair of damaged DNA. UBC Z is required for FAT10 conjugation (post-translational modification analogous to ubiquitination). UBC Hip-2 mediates amyloid-β neurotoxicity. UBC Uev-1 is a variant of UBC which lacks its enzymatic activity. Disease UBC13 is required for metastatic spread and lung colonizationin breast cancer. Structural highlights The active site of Ubc contains a cysteine residue. The ubiquitin surface which interacts with Ubc.

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