Structural highlights
Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedMAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2), one of several kinases directly phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPK, plays a central role in the inflammatory response. The activated MAPKAPK2 phosphorylates its nuclear targets CREB/ATF1, serum response factor, and E2A protein E47 and its cytoplasmic targets HSP25/27, LSP-1, 5-lipoxygenase, glycogen synthase, and tyrosine hydroxylase. The crystal structure of unphosphorylated MAPKAPK2, determined at 2.8 A resolution, includes the kinase domain and the C-terminal regulatory domain. Although the protein is inactive, the kinase domain adopts an active conformation with aspartate 366 mimicking the missing phosphorylated threonine 222 in the activation loop. The C-terminal regulatory domain forms a helix-turn-helix plus a long strand. Phosphorylation of threonine 334, which is located between the kinase domain and the C-terminal regulatory domain, may serve as a switch for MAPKAPK2 nuclear import and export. Phosphorylated MAPKAPK2 masks the nuclear localization signal at its C terminus by binding to p38. It unmasks the nuclear export signal, which is part of the second C-terminal helix packed along the surface of kinase domain C-lobe, and thereby carries p38 to the cytoplasm. Structure of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein (MAPKAP) kinase 2 suggests a bifunctional switch that couples kinase activation with nuclear export.,Meng W, Swenson LL, Fitzgibbon MJ, Hayakawa K, Ter Haar E, Behrens AE, Fulghum JR, Lippke JA J Biol Chem. 2002 Oct 4;277(40):37401-5. Epub 2002 Aug 8. PMID:12171911[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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