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Calpains (CAP) are calcium-dependent cysteine proteases. The CAP family contains 14 members. CAP is a heterodimer containing a small28kDa regulatory subunit which is identical for all CAPs and a large 80kDa catalytic subunit. The best characterized CAPs are CAP1 (or mu-CAP) and CAP2 (or M-CAP). CAP7 is atypical CAP that lacks a penta-EF-hand domain. CAP8 and CAP9 are involved in the mucosal defense against stress-induced gastropathies. CAP9 has been identified as the tumor suppressor for gastric cancer. CAP13 is expressed in testis and lungs. CAPs are regulated by Ca+2 concentration, phosphorylation and calpastatin.
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3D structures of calpain
Updated on 19-November-2014
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- CAP small subunit
- 1aj5– rCAP domain VI – rat
- 1np8 – rCAP residues 87-245 - Cd
- 1alv, 1nx2 - pCAP domain VI + Ca – pig
- 1alw, 1nx3 - pCAP domain VI + Ca+ inhibitor
- 1nx0 - pCAP domain VI + Ca+ Calpastatin peptide + small molecule inhibitor peptide
- 1nx1 - pCAP domain VI + Ca+ Calpastatin peptide
- CAP1
- 1kxr, 1tlo, 1qxp - rCAP protease domain + Ca
- 1tl9 - rCAP protease domain + Ca+ leupeptin inhibitor
- 2g8e, 2g8j, 2nqg, 2nqi, 2r9c, 2r9f - rCAP protease domain + Ca+ inhibitor
- 2ary - hCAP protease domain + Ca – human
- 1zcm - hCAP protease domain (mutant) + Ca+ inhibitor
- CAP2
- 1mdw – rCAP2 protease core domain I and II (mutant) + Ca
- 1df0, 1u5i – rCAP small subunit domain VI + rCAP2 large subunit
- 3df0 - hCAP small subunit + hCAP2 large subunit + Calpastatin + Ca
- 3bow - rCAP small subunit + rCAP2 large subunit + Calpastatin + Ca
- 1kfu, 1kfx – hCAP small subunit + hCAP2 large subunit
- CAP7
- 2qfe - hCAP C2-like domain
- CAP8
- 2nqa - hCAP protease domain + Ca+ leupeptin inhibitor
- CAP9
- 1ziv – hCAP catalytic domain
- 2p0r - hCAP protease domain + Ca+ leupeptin inhibitor
- CAP13
- 2i7a – hCAP domain IV + Ca
