2xyj | pdb_00002xyj
NOVEL SULFONYLTHIADIAZOLES WITH AN UNUSUAL BINDING MODE AS PARTIAL DUAL PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR (PPAR) GAMMA-DELTA AGONISTS WITH HIGH POTENCY AND IN-VIVO EFFICACY
Structural highlights
Function[PPARD_HUMAN] Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Has a preference for poly-unsaturated fatty acids, such as gamma-linoleic acid and eicosapentanoic acid. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase gene. Decreases expression of NPC1L1 once activated by a ligand.[1] [2] Publication Abstract from PubMedCompounds that simultaneously activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes PPARgamma and PPARdelta have the potential to effectively target dyslipidemia and type II diabetes in a single pharmaceutically active molecule. The frequently observed side effects of selective PPARgamma agonists, such as edema and weight gain, are expected to be overcome by using partial instead of full agonists for this nuclear receptor family. Herein we report the discovery, synthesis, and optimization of a novel series of sulfonylthiadiazoles that are active as partial agonists. The initial compound 6 was discovered by high-throughput screening as a moderate partial PPARdelta agonist; its optimization was based on the X-ray crystal structure in complex with PPARdelta. In contrast to other PPARdelta agonists, this ligand does not interact directly with residues from the activation helix AF-2, which might be linked to its partial agonistic effect. Interestingly, the thiadiazole moiety fills a novel subpocket, which becomes accessible after moderate conformational rearrangement. The optimization was focused on introducing conformational constraints and replacing intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. Highly potent molecules with activity as dual partial PPARgamma/delta agonists in the low nanomolar range were then identified. One of the most active members, compound 20 a, displayed EC values of 1.6 and 336 nM for PPARdelta and gamma, respectively. The X-ray crystal structure of its complex with PPARdelta confirms our design hypothesis. Compound 20 a clearly displayed in vivo activity in two chronic mice studies. Lipids were modified in a beneficial way in normolipidemic mice, and the development of overt diabetes could be prevented in pre-diabetic db/db mice. However, body weight gain was similar to that observed with the PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone. Hence, active compounds from this series can be considered as valuable tools to elucidate the complex roles of dual PPARgamma/delta agonists for potential treatment of metabolic syndrome. Sulfonylthiadiazoles with an unusual binding mode as partial dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma/delta agonists with high potency and in vivo efficacy.,Keil S, Matter H, Schonafinger K, Glien M, Mathieu M, Marquette JP, Michot N, Haag-Diergarten S, Urmann M, Wendler W ChemMedChem. 2011 Apr 4;6(4):633-53. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.201100047. Epub, 2011 Mar 11. PMID:21400663[3] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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