Structural highlights
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Publication Abstract from PubMedCrystal structures of the AAV-6 capsid at 3A reveal a subunit fold homologous to other parvoviruses with greatest differences in two external loops. The electrostatic potential suggests that receptor-attachment is mediated by four residues: Arg(576), Lys(493), Lys(459) and Lys(531), defining a positively charged region curving up from the valley between adjacent spikes. It overlaps only partially with the receptor-binding site of AAV-2, and the residues endowing the electrostatic character are not homologous. Mutational substitution of each residue decreases heparin affinity, particularly Lys(531) and Lys(459). Neither is conserved among heparin-binding serotypes, indicating that diverse modes of receptor attachment have been selected in different serotypes. Surface topology and charge are also distinct at the shoulder of the spike, where linear epitopes for AAV-2's neutralizing monoclonal antibody A20 come together. Evolutionarily, selection of changed side-chain charge may have offered a conservative means to evade immune neutralization while preserving other essential functionality. Structure-function analysis of receptor-binding in adeno-associated virus serotype 6 (AAV-6).,Xie Q, Lerch TF, Meyer NL, Chapman MS Virology. 2011 Nov 10;420(1):10-9. Epub 2011 Sep 13. PMID:21917284[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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