1thc is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Human. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
[TTHY_HUMAN] Defects in TTR are the cause of amyloidosis transthyretin-related (AMYL-TTR) [MIM:105210]. A hereditary generalized amyloidosis due to transthyretin amyloid deposition. Protein fibrils can form in different tissues leading to amyloid polyneuropathies, amyloidotic cardiomyopathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, systemic senile amyloidosis. The disease includes leptomeningeal amyloidosis that is characterized by primary involvement of the central nervous system. Neuropathologic examination shows amyloid in the walls of leptomeningeal vessels, in pia arachnoid, and subpial deposits. Some patients also develop vitreous amyloid deposition that leads to visual impairment (oculoleptomeningeal amyloidosis). Clinical features include seizures, stroke-like episodes, dementia, psychomotor deterioration, variable amyloid deposition in the vitreous humor.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] Defects in TTR are a cause of hyperthyroxinemia dystransthyretinemic euthyroidal (HTDE) [MIM:145680]. It is a condition characterized by elevation of total and free thyroxine in healthy, euthyroid persons without detectable binding protein abnormalities.[73] Defects in TTR are a cause of carpal tunnel syndrome type 1 (CTS1) [MIM:115430]. It is a condition characterized by entrapment of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. Symptoms include burning pain and paresthesias involving the ventral surface of the hand and fingers which may radiate proximally. Impairment of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve and thenar muscle atrophy may occur. This condition may be associated with repetitive occupational trauma, wrist injuries, amyloid neuropathies, rheumatoid arthritis.[74]
Function
[TTHY_HUMAN] Thyroid hormone-binding protein. Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain.[75]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The crystal structure of the complex of 3',5'-dibromo-2',4,4',6-tetrahydroxyaurone, a flavone derivative, with human transthyretin (TTR), a serum thyroid hormone transport protein, has been determined and refined to R = 17.9% for data to 2.3-A resolution and provides a detailed description of a protein-bound flavonoid structure. This bromoaurone is a potent competitor for thyroid hormone binding to TTR, a 54,980-dalton alpha 4 tetrameric protein of 222 molecular symmetry, as well as an inhibitor of iodothyronine deiodinase. Crystals of the TTR-bromoaurone complex are isomorphous to those of native TTR. Interpretation of difference Fourier electron density maps revealed two binding modes for the bromoaurone in each of the two independent binding sites of the TTR tetramer: deep in the channel near Ser-117 (mode I) and near the channel entrance (mode II). None of the binding modes can be fully occupied because of overlap between binding positions. A statistical disorder for bromoaurone binding was also applied, as it binds along the twofold crystallographic axis and does not possess such symmetry. The binding of mode I and that of mode II were refined at half occupancy, resulting in two molecules per tetramer. The bromoaurone binds in a nonplanar antiskewed conformation. The molecular pattern for TTR binding consists of halogen groups able to anchor between beta-sheets to form both hydrophobic and hydrophilic contacts. Comparison of structural data for bromoaurone- and thyroxine-TTR complexes indicates that bromoaurone binding mode I is 3 A deeper in the channel and binding mode II is 4 A further from the channel center than thyroxine. The bromoaurone binding observed in this TTR complex differs significantly from that based upon computer modeling studies.
Crystal structure determination at 2.3-A resolution of human transthyretin-3',5'-dibromo-2',4,4',6-tetrahydroxyaurone complex.,Ciszak E, Cody V, Luft JR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jul 15;89(14):6644-8. PMID:1631168[76]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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↑Moses AC, Rosen HN, Moller DE, Tsuzaki S, Haddow JE, Lawlor J, Liepnieks JJ, Nichols WC, Benson MD. A point mutation in transthyretin increases affinity for thyroxine and produces euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia. J Clin Invest. 1990 Dec;86(6):2025-33. PMID:1979335 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI114938
↑Murakami T, Tachibana S, Endo Y, Kawai R, Hara M, Tanase S, Ando M. Familial carpal tunnel syndrome due to amyloidogenic transthyretin His 114 variant. Neurology. 1994 Feb;44(2):315-8. PMID:8309582
↑Herbert J, Wilcox JN, Pham KT, Fremeau RT Jr, Zeviani M, Dwork A, Soprano DR, Makover A, Goodman DS, Zimmerman EA, et al.. Transthyretin: a choroid plexus-specific transport protein in human brain. The 1986 S. Weir Mitchell award. Neurology. 1986 Jul;36(7):900-11. PMID:3714052
↑Ciszak E, Cody V, Luft JR. Crystal structure determination at 2.3-A resolution of human transthyretin-3',5'-dibromo-2',4,4',6-tetrahydroxyaurone complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jul 15;89(14):6644-8. PMID:1631168
