4yx2 | pdb_00004yx2
Crystal structure of Bovine prion protein complexed with POM1 FAB
Structural highlights
Disease[PRIO_BOVIN] Note=Variations in PRNP are responsible of transmissible bovine spongiform encephalopathies (BSE), a class of neurodegenerative diseases that affect various mammals. These diseases are caused by abnormally folded prion proteins. BSE can be subdivided into at least three groups: classical, H-type and L-type, with the latter 2 collectively referred to as atypical BSE. Susceptibility or resistance to a BSE disease can be influenced by at least 3 factors related to the host prion protein: protein expression levels, number of octapeptide repeats, and specific polymorphisms. In cattle, as in humans, BSEs can occur as infectious, spontaneous and genetic diseases. Function[PRIO_BOVIN] May play a role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. May be required for neuronal myelin sheath maintenance. May play a role in iron uptake and iron homeostasis. Soluble oligomers are toxic to cultured neuroblastoma cells and induce apoptosis (in vitro). Association with GPC1 (via its heparan sulfate chains) targets PRNP to lipid rafts. Also provides Cu(2+) or ZN(2+) for the ascorbate-mediated GPC1 deaminase degradation of its heparan sulfate side chains (By similarity). Publication Abstract from PubMedMisfolded prion proteins are the cause of neurodegenerative diseases that affect many mammalian species, including humans. Transmission of the prion diseases poses a considerable public-health risk as a specific prion disease such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy can be transferred to humans and other mammalian species upon contaminant exposure. The underlying mechanism of prion propagation and the species barriers that control cross species transmission has been investigated quite extensively. So far a number of prion strains have been characterized and those have been intimately linked to species-specific infectivity and other pathophysiological manifestations. These strains are encoded by a protein-only agent, and have a high degree of sequence identity across mammalian species. The molecular events that lead to strain differentiation remain elusive. In order to contribute to the understanding of strain differentiation, we have determined the crystal structures of the globular, folded domains of four prion proteins (cow, deer, elk and Syrian hamster) bound to the POM1 antibody fragment Fab. Although the overall structural folds of the mammalian prion proteins remains extremely similar, there are several local structural variations observed in the misfolding-initiator motifs. In additional molecular dynamics simulation studies on these several prion proteins reveal differences in the local fluctuations and imply that these differences have possible roles in the unfolding of the globular domains. These local variations in the structured domains perpetuate diverse patterns of prion misfolding and possibly facilitate the strain selection and adaptation. X-ray structural and molecular dynamical studies of the globular domains of cow, deer, elk and Syrian hamster prion proteins.,Baral PK, Swayampakula M, Aguzzi A, James MN J Struct Biol. 2015 Oct;192(1):37-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.08.014. Epub 2015, Aug 28. PMID:26320075[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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