Lipids: structure and classification

spinqualitylabelsall models Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D Lipids. Fatty acids.- Palmitic acid, a saturated 16 carbon fatty acid. Look its carboxyle group, an its long hydrocarbon chain. Oleic acid, a monounsaturated 16 carbon fatty acid. Most monounsaturated natural fatty acids are cis-unsaturated. Linoleic acid, a polyunsaturated 16 carbon fatty acid. con two double bounds with cis configuration. Linolenic acid, another polyunsaturated 16 carbon fatty acid with three double bounds Saponifiables lipids.- Triglycerides.- Zoom on triglyceride structure. Waxes.- for instance bee wax. Phosphoglycerides.- lipids composed of glycerol, two fatty acids, phosphoric acid and a polar compound like ethanolamine. Sphingolipids.- all o them include in their structure the amino alcohol sphingosine. Sphingosine bind to a fatty acid to yield ceramida, the common structural feature of all sphingolipids. Unsaponifiable lipids.- Terpenes.- they are polymers of the 5 carbon unsaturated hydrocarbon named isopreno (2-methyl-1,3 butadiene). Some terpenes are beta-carotene, lycopene, geraniol, resveratrol, and tetrahydrocannabinol. Steroids.- Some steroids are cholesterol, testosterone y estradiol). vitamin D is also a steroid. Icosanoides.- Son lípidos que derivan de la ciclación, entre los carbonos 8 y 12, y porterior oxidación del ácido graso poliinsaturado de 20 carbonos denominado ácido araquidónico. Existen diferentes tipos de icosanoides, como los tromboxanos, los leucotrienos y las prostaglandinas . Tienen funciones de naturaleza hormonal y reguladora coordinando distintos tipos de procesos en el organismo. En particular las prostaglandinas participan en el control de la respuesta inflamatoria en los tejidos animales.

References

• Molecular models in this page were created or modificated from pdb files by Alejandro Porto using the tool JSME Molecular Editor [1]

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Alejandro Porto, Eric Martz, Joel L. Sussman, Karsten Theis