3kcg is a 3 chain structure with sequence from Human. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
[FA9_HUMAN] Defects in F9 are the cause of recessive X-linked hemophilia B (HEMB) [MIM:306900]; also known as Christmas disease.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Note=Mutations in position 43 (Oxford-3, San Dimas) and 46 (Cambridge) prevents cleavage of the propeptide, mutation in position 93 (Alabama) probably fails to bind to cell membranes, mutation in position 191 (Chapel-Hill) or in position 226 (Nagoya OR Hilo) prevent cleavage of the activation peptide. Defects in F9 are the cause of thrombophilia due to factor IX defect (THPH8) [MIM:300807]. A hemostatic disorder characterized by a tendency to thrombosis.[37] [ANT3_HUMAN] Defects in SERPINC1 are the cause of antithrombin III deficiency (AT3D) [MIM:613118]. AT3D is an important risk factor for hereditary thrombophilia, a hemostatic disorder characterized by a tendency to recurrent thrombosis. AT3D is classified into 4 types. Type I: characterized by a 50% decrease in antigenic and functional levels. Type II: has defects affecting the thrombin-binding domain. Type III: alteration of the heparin-binding domain. Plasma AT-III antigen levels are normal in type II and III. Type IV: consists of miscellaneous group of unclassifiable mutations.[38] [:][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] [:][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72]
Function
[FA9_HUMAN] Factor IX is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein that participates in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation by converting factor X to its active form in the presence of Ca(2+) ions, phospholipids, and factor VIIIa. [ANT3_HUMAN] Most important serine protease inhibitor in plasma that regulates the blood coagulation cascade. AT-III inhibits thrombin, matriptase-3/TMPRSS7, as well as factors IXa, Xa and XIa. Its inhibitory activity is greatly enhanced in the presence of heparin.[73]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Factor (f) IXa is a critical enzyme for the formation of stable blood clots, and its deficiency results in hemophilia. The enzyme functions at the confluence of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways by binding to fVIIIa and rapidly generating fXa. In spite of its importance, little is known about how fIXa recognizes its cofactor, its substrate, or its only known inhibitor, antithrombin (AT). However, it is clear that fIXa requires extensive exosite interactions to present substrates for efficient cleavage. Here we describe the 1.7-A crystal structure of fIXa in its recognition (Michaelis) complex with heparin-activated AT. It represents the highest resolution structure of both proteins and allows us to address several outstanding issues. The structure reveals why the heparin-induced conformational change in AT is required to permit simultaneous active-site and exosite interactions with fIXa and the nature of these interactions. The reactive center loop of AT has evolved to specifically inhibit fIXa, with a P2 Gly so as not to clash with Tyr99 on fIXa, a P4 Ile to fit snugly into the S4 pocket, and a C-terminal extension to exploit a unique wall-like feature of the active-site cleft. Arg150 is at the center of the exosite interface, interacting with AT residues on beta-sheet C. A surprising crystal contact is observed between the heparin pentasaccharide and fIXa, revealing a plausible mode of binding that would allow longer heparin chains to bridge the complex.
Molecular basis of factor IXa recognition by heparin-activated antithrombin revealed by a 1.7-A structure of the ternary complex.,Johnson DJ, Langdown J, Huntington JA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jan 12;107(2):645-50. Epub 2009 Dec 22. PMID:20080729[74]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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↑Johnson DJ, Langdown J, Huntington JA. Molecular basis of factor IXa recognition by heparin-activated antithrombin revealed by a 1.7-A structure of the ternary complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jan 12;107(2):645-50. Epub 2009 Dec 22. PMID:20080729
