5c67 | pdb_00005c67
Human Mesotrypsin in complex with amyloid precursor protein inhibitor variant APPI-M17G/I18F/F34V
Structural highlights
Function[TRY3_HUMAN] Digestive protease specialized for the degradation of trypsin inhibitors. In the ileum, may be involved in defensin processing, including DEFA5.[1] [2] [A4_MACMU] Functional neuronal receptor which couples to intracellular signaling pathway through the GTP-binding protein G(O). Publication Abstract from PubMedEngineered protein therapeutics offer advantages, including strong target affinity, selectivity, and low toxicity, but like natural proteins can be susceptible to proteolytic degradation, thereby limiting their effectiveness. A compelling therapeutic target is mesotrypsin, a protease upregulated with tumor progression, associated with poor prognosis, and implicated in tumor growth and progression of many cancers. However, with its unique capability for cleavage and inactivation of proteinaceous inhibitors, mesotrypsin presents a formidable challenge to the development of biologic inhibitors. We used a powerful yeast display platform for directed evolution, employing a novel multi-modal library screening strategy, to engineer the human amyloid precursor protein Kunitz protease inhibitor domain (APPI) simultaneously for increased proteolytic stability, stronger binding affinity, and improved selectivity for mesotrypsin inhibition. We identified a triple mutant APPIM17G/I18F/F34V, with a mesotrypsin inhibition constant ( Ki ) of 89 pM, as the strongest mesotrypsin inhibitor yet reported; this variant displays 1459-fold improved affinity, up to 350,000-fold greater specificity, and 83-fold improved proteolytic stability vs wild-type APPI. We demonstrated that APPIM17G/I18F/F34V acts as a functional inhibitor in cell-based models of mesotrypsin-dependent prostate cancer cellular invasiveness. Additionally, by solving the crystal structure of the APPIM17G/I18F/F34V/mesotrypsin complex, we obtained new insights into the structural and mechanistic basis for improved binding and proteolytic resistance. Our study identifies a promising mesotrypsin inhibitor as a starting point for development of anticancer protein therapeutics and establishes proof-of-principle for a novel library screening approach that will be widely applicable for simultaneously evolving proteolytic stability in tandem with desired functionality for diverse protein scaffolds. Combinatorial protein engineering of proteolytically resistant mesotrypsin inhibitors as candidates for cancer therapy.,Cohen I, Kayode O, Hockla A, Sankaran B, Radisky DC, Radisky ES, Papo N Biochem J. 2016 Mar 8. pii: BJ20151410. PMID:26957636[3] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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