3own | pdb_00003own
Potent macrocyclic renin inhibitors
Structural highlights
Disease[RENI_HUMAN] Defects in REN are a cause of renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) [MIM:267430]. RTD is an autosomal recessive severe disorder of renal tubular development characterized by persistent fetal anuria and perinatal death, probably due to pulmonary hypoplasia from early-onset oligohydramnios (the Potter phenotype).[1] Defects in REN are the cause of familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2 (HNFJ2) [MIM:613092]. It is a renal disease characterized by juvenile onset of hyperuricemia, slowly progressive renal failure and anemia.[2] Function[RENI_HUMAN] Renin is a highly specific endopeptidase, whose only known function is to generate angiotensin I from angiotensinogen in the plasma, initiating a cascade of reactions that produce an elevation of blood pressure and increased sodium retention by the kidney. Publication Abstract from PubMedTwo types of P1-P3-linked macrocyclic renin inhibitors containing the hydroxyethylene isostere (HE) scaffold just outside the macrocyclic ring have been synthesized. An aromatic or aliphatic substituent (P3sp) was introduced in the macrocyclic ring aiming at the S3 subpocket (S3sp) in order to optimize the potency. A 5-6-fold improvement in both the K(i) and the human plasma renin activity (HPRA)IC(50) was observed when moving from the starting linear peptidomimetic compound 1 to the most potent macrocycle 42 (K(i)=3.3nM and HPRA IC(50)=7nM). Truncation of the prime side of 42 led to 8-10-fold loss of inhibitory activity in macrocycle 43 (K(i)=34nM and HPRA IC(50)=56nM). All macrocycles were epimeric mixtures in regard to the P3sp substituent and X-ray crystallographic data of the representative renin macrocycle 43 complex showed that only the S-isomer buried the substituent into the S3sp. Inhibitory selectivity over cathepsin D (Cat-D) and BACE-1 was also investigated for all the macrocycles and showed that truncation of the prime side increased selectivity of inhibition in favor of renin. Design and synthesis of potent macrocyclic renin inhibitors.,Sund C, Belda O, Wiktelius D, Sahlberg C, Vrang L, Sedig S, Hamelink E, Henderson I, Agback T, Jansson K, Borkakoti N, Derbyshire D, Eneroth A, Samuelsson B Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Nov 5. PMID:21112780[3] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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