[FA9_HUMAN] Defects in F9 are the cause of recessive X-linked hemophilia B (HEMB) [MIM:306900]; also known as Christmas disease.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Note=Mutations in position 43 (Oxford-3, San Dimas) and 46 (Cambridge) prevents cleavage of the propeptide, mutation in position 93 (Alabama) probably fails to bind to cell membranes, mutation in position 191 (Chapel-Hill) or in position 226 (Nagoya OR Hilo) prevent cleavage of the activation peptide. Defects in F9 are the cause of thrombophilia due to factor IX defect (THPH8) [MIM:300807]. A hemostatic disorder characterized by a tendency to thrombosis.[37]
Function
[FA9_HUMAN] Factor IX is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein that participates in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation by converting factor X to its active form in the presence of Ca(2+) ions, phospholipids, and factor VIIIa.
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Human coagulation factor IX serves both to maintain and to control blood coagulation. The dual function of this hemophilic factor is implemented by a tiered activation mechanism. Processed two-chain factor IXa is catalytically silent; only together with its cofactor VIIIa does factor IXa form the highly potent Xase complex. The detailed mechanism of this secondary activation has remained elusive so far. Here we present the crystal structures of Xase-like factor IXa mutants with several-thousand-fold activity enhancement that mimic the secondary activation by Xase formation. The structures reveal how cofactor-triggered and substrate-assisted modulations in the factor IXa 99- and 60-loops cooperate in S4 through S2' formation, allowing for productive substrate recognition. We could further physically map and visualize a distinct communication line, along which agonists such as Ca(2+) direct their effects to the active site and vice versa.
Structural basis of the cofactor- and substrate-assisted activation of human coagulation factor IXa.,Zogg T, Brandstetter H Structure. 2009 Dec 9;17(12):1669-78. PMID:20004170[38]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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↑Davis LM, McGraw RA, Ware JL, Roberts HR, Stafford DW. Factor IXAlabama: a point mutation in a clotting protein results in hemophilia B. Blood. 1987 Jan;69(1):140-3. PMID:3790720
↑Ware J, Davis L, Frazier D, Bajaj SP, Stafford DW. Genetic defect responsible for the dysfunctional protein: factor IXLong Beach. Blood. 1988 Aug;72(2):820-2. PMID:3401602
↑Sugimoto M, Miyata T, Kawabata S, Yoshioka A, Fukui H, Takahashi H, Iwanaga S. Blood clotting factor IX Niigata: substitution of alanine-390 by valine in the catalytic domain. J Biochem. 1988 Dec;104(6):878-80. PMID:3243764
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↑Attree O, Vidaud D, Vidaud M, Amselem S, Lavergne JM, Goossens M. Mutations in the catalytic domain of human coagulation factor IX: rapid characterization by direct genomic sequencing of DNA fragments displaying an altered melting behavior. Genomics. 1989 Apr;4(3):266-72. PMID:2714791
↑Koeberl DD, Bottema CD, Buerstedde JM, Sommer SS. Functionally important regions of the factor IX gene have a low rate of polymorphism and a high rate of mutation in the dinucleotide CpG. Am J Hum Genet. 1989 Sep;45(3):448-57. PMID:2773937
↑Liddell MB, Peake IR, Taylor SA, Lillicrap DP, Giddings JC, Bloom AL. Factor IX Cardiff: a variant factor IX protein that shows abnormal activation is caused by an arginine to cysteine substitution at position 145. Br J Haematol. 1989 Aug;72(4):556-60. PMID:2775660
↑Sakai T, Yoshioka A, Yamamoto K, Niinomi K, Fujimura Y, Fukui H, Miyata T, Iwanaga S. Blood clotting factor IX Kashihara: amino acid substitution of valine-182 by phenylalanine. J Biochem. 1989 May;105(5):756-9. PMID:2753873
↑Ware J, Diuguid DL, Liebman HA, Rabiet MJ, Kasper CK, Furie BC, Furie B, Stafford DW. Factor IX San Dimas. Substitution of glutamine for Arg-4 in the propeptide leads to incomplete gamma-carboxylation and altered phospholipid binding properties. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jul 5;264(19):11401-6. PMID:2738071
↑Chen SH, Thompson AR, Zhang M, Scott CR. Three point mutations in the factor IX genes of five hemophilia B patients. Identification strategy using localization by altered epitopes in their hemophilic proteins. J Clin Invest. 1989 Jul;84(1):113-8. PMID:2472424 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI114130
↑Wang NS, Zhang M, Thompson AR, Chen SH. Factor IX Chongqing: a new mutation in the calcium-binding domain of factor IX resulting in severe hemophilia B. Thromb Haemost. 1990 Feb 19;63(1):24-6. PMID:2339358
↑Taylor SA, Liddell MB, Peake IR, Bloom AL, Lillicrap DP. A mutation adjacent to the beta cleavage site of factor IX (valine 182 to leucine) results in mild haemophilia Bm. Br J Haematol. 1990 Jun;75(2):217-21. PMID:2372509
↑Bertina RM, van der Linden IK, Mannucci PM, Reinalda-Poot HH, Cupers R, Poort SR, Reitsma PH. Mutations in hemophilia Bm occur at the Arg180-Val activation site or in the catalytic domain of factor IX. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jul 5;265(19):10876-83. PMID:2162822
↑Miyata T, Sakai T, Sugimoto M, Naka H, Yamamoto K, Yoshioka A, Fukui H, Mitsui K, Kamiya K, Umeyama H, et al.. Factor IX Amagasaki: a new mutation in the catalytic domain resulting in the loss of both coagulant and esterase activities. Biochemistry. 1991 Nov 26;30(47):11286-91. PMID:1958666
↑Sarkar G, Cassady JD, Pyeritz RE, Gilchrist GS, Sommer SS. Isoleucine397 is changed to threonine in two females with hemophilia B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Mar 11;19(5):1165. PMID:1902289
↑Ludwig M, Sabharwal AK, Brackmann HH, Olek K, Smith KJ, Birktoft JJ, Bajaj SP. Hemophilia B caused by five different nondeletion mutations in the protease domain of factor IX. Blood. 1992 Mar 1;79(5):1225-32. PMID:1346975
↑Taylor SA, Duffin J, Cameron C, Teitel J, Garvey B, Lillicrap DP. Characterization of the original Christmas disease mutation (cysteine 206----serine): from clinical recognition to molecular pathogenesis. Thromb Haemost. 1992 Jan 23;67(1):63-5. PMID:1615485
↑David D, Rosa HA, Pemberton S, Diniz MJ, Campos M, Lavinha J. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the molecular pathology of hemophilia B. Hum Mutat. 1993;2(5):355-61. PMID:8257988 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.1380020506
↑Aguilar-Martinez P, Romey MC, Schved JF, Gris JC, Demaille J, Claustres M. Factor IX gene mutations causing haemophilia B: comparison of SSC screening versus systematic DNA sequencing and diagnostic applications. Hum Genet. 1994 Sep;94(3):287-90. PMID:8076946
↑Aguilar-Martinez P, Romey MC, Gris JC, Schved JF, Demaille J, Claustres M. A novel mutation (Val-373 to Glu) in the catalytic domain of factor IX, resulting in moderately/severe hemophilia B in a southern French patient. Hum Mutat. 1994;3(2):156-8. PMID:8199596 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.1380030211
↑Caglayan SH, Vielhaber E, Gursel T, Aktuglu G, Sommer SS. Identification of mutations in four hemophilia B patients of Turkish origin, including a novel deletion of base 6411. Hum Mutat. 1994;4(2):163-5. PMID:7981722 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.1380040214
↑Wulff K, Schroder W, Wehnert M, Herrmann FH. Twenty-five novel mutations of the factor IX gene in haemophilia B. Hum Mutat. 1995;6(4):346-8. PMID:8680410 doi:10.1002/humu.1380060410
↑Chan V, Chan VW, Yip B, Chim CS, Chan TK. Hemophilia B in a female carrier due to skewed inactivation of the normal X-chromosome. Am J Hematol. 1998 May;58(1):72-6. PMID:9590153
↑David D, Moreira I, Morais S, de Deus G. Five novel factor IX mutations in unrelated hemophilia B patients. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S301-3. PMID:9452115
↑Heit JA, Thorland EC, Ketterling RP, Lind TJ, Daniels TM, Zapata RE, Ordonez SM, Kasper CK, Sommer SS. Germline mutations in Peruvian patients with hemophilia B: pattern of mutation in AmerIndians is similar to the putative endogenous germline pattern. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(5):372-6. PMID:9600455 doi:<372::AID-HUMU4>3.0.CO;2-M 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1998)11:5<372::AID-HUMU4>3.0.CO;2-M
↑Wulff K, Bykowska K, Lopaciuk S, Herrmann FH. Molecular analysis of hemophilia B in Poland: 12 novel mutations of the factor IX gene. Acta Biochim Pol. 1999;46(3):721-6. PMID:10698280
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↑Espinos C, Casana P, Haya S, Cid AR, Aznar JA. Molecular analyses in hemophilia B families: identification of six new mutations in the factor IX gene. Haematologica. 2003 Feb;88(2):235-6. PMID:12604421
↑Simioni P, Tormene D, Tognin G, Gavasso S, Bulato C, Iacobelli NP, Finn JD, Spiezia L, Radu C, Arruda VR. X-linked thrombophilia with a mutant factor IX (factor IX Padua). N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 22;361(17):1671-5. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0904377. PMID:19846852 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0904377
↑Zogg T, Brandstetter H. Structural basis of the cofactor- and substrate-assisted activation of human coagulation factor IXa. Structure. 2009 Dec 9;17(12):1669-78. PMID:20004170 doi:10.1016/j.str.2009.10.011
