1b3k | pdb_00001b3k
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
Structural highlights
Disease[PAI1_HUMAN] Defects in SERPINE1 are the cause of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency (PAI-1D) [MIM:613329]. It is a hematologic disorder characterized by increased bleeding after trauma, injury, or surgery. Affected females have menorrhagia. The bleeding defect is due to increased fibrinolysis of fibrin blood clots due to deficiency of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, which inhibits tissue and urinary activators of plasminogen.[1] Note=High concentrations of SERPINE1 seem to contribute to the development of venous but not arterial occlusions. Function[PAI1_HUMAN] Serine protease inhibitor. This inhibitor acts as 'bait' for tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase, protein C and matriptase-3/TMPRSS7. Its rapid interaction with PLAT may function as a major control point in the regulation of fibrinolysis.[2] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedBACKGROUND: Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is a serpin that has a key role in the control of fibrinolysis through proteinase inhibition. PAI-1 also has a role in regulating cell adhesion processes relevant to tissue remodeling and metastasis; this role is mediated by its binding to the adhesive glycoprotein vitronectin rather than by proteinase inhibition. Active PAI-1 is metastable and spontaneously transforms to an inactive latent conformation. Previous attempts to crystallize the active conformation of PAI-1 have failed. RESULTS: The crystal structure of a stable quadruple mutant of PAI-1(Asn150-->His, Lys154-->Thr, Gln319-->Leu, Met354-->Ile) in its active conformation has been solved at a nominal 3 A resolution. In two of four independent molecules within the crystal, the flexible reactive center loop is unconstrained by crystal-packing contacts and is disordered. In the other two molecules, the reactive center loop forms intimate loop-sheet interactions with neighboring molecules, generating an infinite chain within the crystal. The overall conformation resembles that seen for other active inhibitory serpins. CONCLUSIONS: The structure clarifies the molecular basis of the stabilizing mutations and the reduced affinity of PAI-1, on cleavage or in the latent form, for vitronectin. The infinite chain of linked molecules also suggests a new mechanism for the serpin polymerization associated with certain diseases. The results support the concept that the reactive center loop of an active serpin is flexible and has no defined conformation in the absence of intermolecular contacts. The determination of the structure of the active form constitutes an essential step for the rational design of PAI-1 inhibitors. The active conformation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, a target for drugs to control fibrinolysis and cell adhesion.,Sharp AM, Stein PE, Pannu NS, Carrell RW, Berkenpas MB, Ginsburg D, Lawrence DA, Read RJ Structure. 1999 Feb 15;7(2):111-8. PMID:10368279[3] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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