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Growth differentiation factor (GDF) are proteins which function in development.
- GDF-2 or bone morphogenetic protein 9 maintains the response of cholinergic neurons to acetylcholine.
- GDF-5 is expressed in the central nervous system and is involved in the development of joints and skeleton[1].
- GDF-8 or myostatin, controls the growth of muscle tissue[2]. For more details see Group:MUZIC:Myostatin.
- GDF-11 or bone morphogenetic protein 11 is a circulating factor that reverses age-related cardiac hypertrophy[3].
- ↑ Jin L, Li X. Growth differentiation factor 5 regulation in bone regeneration. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(19):3364-73. PMID:23432680
- ↑ Ferrell RE, Conte V, Lawrence EC, Roth SM, Hagberg JM, Hurley BF. Frequent sequence variation in the human myostatin (GDF8) gene as a marker for analysis of muscle-related phenotypes. Genomics. 1999 Dec 1;62(2):203-7. PMID:10610713 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/geno.1999.5984
- ↑ Loffredo FS, Steinhauser ML, Jay SM, Gannon J, Pancoast JR, Yalamanchi P, Sinha M, Dall'Osso C, Khong D, Shadrach JL, Miller CM, Singer BS, Stewart A, Psychogios N, Gerszten RE, Hartigan AJ, Kim MJ, Serwold T, Wagers AJ, Lee RT. Growth differentiation factor 11 is a circulating factor that reverses age-related cardiac hypertrophy. Cell. 2013 May 9;153(4):828-39. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.015. PMID:23663781 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.015
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3D structures of growth differentiation factor
Updated on 19-October-2017
{"openlevels":0}
- GDF-2
- 1zkz, 4mpl – hGDF residues 320-493 – human
- 4fao – hGDF residues 320-493 + serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor + activin receptor
- 4ycg, 4yci – mGDF residues 23-318 + hGDF residues 320-493 - mouse
- GDF-5
- 2bhk, 1waq – hGDF
- 3evs – hGDF + bone morphogenetic receptor
- 3qb4 – hGDF (mutant) + bone morphogenetic receptor
- 5hk5 – hGDF + gremlin-2
- GDF-8
- 5ji1 – mGDF – mouse
- 3hh2 – mGDF + follistatin
- 3sek – mGDF + follistatin-related protein
- 5f3hf, 5f3b – hGDF + antibody
- GDF-11
References
