Structural highlights
Function[PILQ_NEIMB] Required for type IV pilus biogenesis and competence. Could function as a pore for exit of the pilus but also as a channel for entry of heme and antimicrobial agents and uptake of transforming DNA (By similarity). Publication Abstract from PubMedType IV pili are polymeric fibers which protrude from the cell surface and play a critical role in adhesion and invasion by pathogenic bacteria. The secretion of pili across the periplasm and outer membrane is mediated by a specialized secretin protein, PilQ, but the way in which this large channel is formed is unknown. Using NMR, we derived the structures of the periplasmic domains from N. meningitidis PilQ: the N-terminus is shown to consist of two beta-domains, which are unique to the type IV pilus-dependent secretins. The structure of the second beta-domain revealed an eight-stranded beta-sandwich structure which is a novel variant of the HSP20-like fold. The central part of PilQ consists of two alpha/beta fold domains: the structure of the first of these is similar to domains from other secretins, but with an additional alpha-helix which links it to the second alpha/beta domain. We also determined the structure of the entire PilQ dodecamer by cryoelectron microscopy: it forms a cage-like structure, enclosing a cavity which is approximately 55 A in internal diameter at its largest extent. Specific regions were identified in the density map which corresponded to the individual PilQ domains: this allowed us to dock them into the cryoelectron microscopy density map, and hence reconstruct the entire PilQ assembly which spans the periplasm. We also show that the C-terminal domain from the lipoprotein PilP, which is essential for pilus assembly, binds specifically to the first alpha/beta domain in PilQ and use NMR chemical shift mapping to generate a model for the PilP:PilQ complex. We conclude that passage of the pilus fiber requires disassembly of both the membrane-spanning and the beta-domain regions in PilQ, and that PilP plays an important role in stabilising the PilQ assembly during secretion, through its anchorage in the inner membrane. Structure and Assembly of a Trans-Periplasmic Channel for Type IV Pili in Neisseria meningitidis.,Berry JL, Phelan MM, Collins RF, Adomavicius T, Tonjum T, Frye SA, Bird L, Owens R, Ford RC, Lian LY, Derrick JP PLoS Pathog. 2012 Sep;8(9):e1002923. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002923. Epub 2012, Sep 13. PMID:23028322[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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