2bbt is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Human. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
[CFTR_HUMAN] Defects in CFTR are the cause of cystic fibrosis (CF) [MIM:219700]; also known as mucoviscidosis. CF is the most common genetic disease in the Caucasian population, with a prevalence of about 1 in 2'000 live births. Inheritance is autosomal recessive. CF is a common generalized disorder of exocrine gland function which impairs clearance of secretions in a variety of organs. It is characterized by the triad of chronic bronchopulmonary disease (with recurrent respiratory infections), pancreatic insufficiency (which leads to malabsorption and growth retardation) and elevated sweat electrolytes.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Defects in CFTR are the cause of congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) [MIM:277180]. CBAVD is an important cause of sterility in men and could represent an incomplete form of cystic fibrosis, as the majority of men suffering from cystic fibrosis lack the vas deferens.[47][48][49][50] [:]
Function
[CFTR_HUMAN] Involved in the transport of chloride ions. May regulate bicarbonate secretion and salvage in epithelial cells by regulating the SLC4A7 transporter. Can inhibit the chloride channel activity of ANO1.[51]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The DeltaF508 mutation in nucleotide-binding domain 1 (NBD1) of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the predominant cause of cystic fibrosis. Previous biophysical studies on human F508 and DeltaF508 domains showed only local structural changes restricted to residues 509-511 and only minor differences in folding rate and stability. These results were remarkable because DeltaF508 was widely assumed to perturb domain folding based on the fact that it prevents trafficking of CFTR out of the endoplasmic reticulum. However, the previously reported crystal structures did not come from matched F508 and DeltaF508 constructs, and the DeltaF508 structure contained additional mutations that were required to obtain sufficient protein solubility. In this article, we present additional biophysical studies of NBD1 designed to address these ambiguities. Mass spectral measurements of backbone amide (1)H/(2)H exchange rates in matched F508 and DeltaF508 constructs reveal that DeltaF508 increases backbone dynamics at residues 509-511 and the adjacent protein segments but not elsewhere in NBD1. These measurements also confirm a high level of flexibility in the protein segments exhibiting variable conformations in the crystal structures. We additionally present crystal structures of a broader set of human NBD1 constructs, including one harboring the native F508 residue and others harboring the DeltaF508 mutation in the presence of fewer and different solubilizing mutations. The only consistent conformational difference is observed at residues 509-511. The side chain of residue V510 in this loop is mostly buried in all non-DeltaF508 structures but completely solvent exposed in all DeltaF508 structures. These results reinforce the importance of the perturbation DeltaF508 causes in the surface topography of NBD1 in a region likely to mediate contact with the transmembrane domains of CFTR. However, they also suggest that increased exposure of the 509-511 loop and increased dynamics in its vicinity could promote aggregation in vitro and aberrant intermolecular interactions that impede trafficking in vivo.
Structure and dynamics of NBD1 from CFTR characterized using crystallography and hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry.,Lewis HA, Wang C, Zhao X, Hamuro Y, Conners K, Kearins MC, Lu F, Sauder JM, Molnar KS, Coales SJ, Maloney PC, Guggino WB, Wetmore DR, Weber PC, Hunt JF J Mol Biol. 2010 Feb 19;396(2):406-30. Epub 2009 Nov 26. PMID:19944699[52]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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↑Jones CT, McIntosh I, Keston M, Ferguson A, Brock DJ. Three novel mutations in the cystic fibrosis gene detected by chemical cleavage: analysis of variant splicing and a nonsense mutation. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Apr;1(1):11-7. PMID:1284466
↑Cheadle JP, Meredith AL, al-Jader LN. A new missense mutation (R1283M) in exon 20 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 May;1(2):123-5. PMID:1284468
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↑Shackleton S, Beards F, Harris A. Detection of novel and rare mutations in exon 4 of the cystic fibrosis gene by SSCP. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Sep;1(6):439-40. PMID:1284529
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↑Mercier B, Lissens W, Novelli G, Kalaydjieva L, De Arce M, Kapranov N, Klain NC, Lenoir G, Chauveau P, Lenaerts C, et al.. Identification of eight novel mutations in a collaborative analysis of a part of the second transmembrane domain of the CFTR gene. Genomics. 1993 Apr;16(1):296-7. PMID:7683628
↑Nunes V, Chillon M, Dork T, Tummler B, Casals T, Estivill X. A new missense mutation (E92K) in the first transmembrane domain of the CFTR gene causes a benign cystic fibrosis phenotype. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Jan;2(1):79-80. PMID:7683954
↑Chillon M, Casals T, Nunes V, Gimenez J, Perez Ruiz E, Estivill X. Identification of a new missense mutation (P205S) in the first transmembrane domain of the CFTR gene associated with a mild cystic fibrosis phenotype. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Oct;2(10):1741-2. PMID:7505694
↑Gasparini P, Marigo C, Bisceglia G, Nicolis E, Zelante L, Bombieri C, Borgo G, Pignatti PF, Cabrini G. Screening of 62 mutations in a cohort of cystic fibrosis patients from north eastern Italy: their incidence and clinical features of defined genotypes. Hum Mutat. 1993;2(5):389-94. PMID:7504969 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.1380020511
↑Ghanem N, Costes B, Girodon E, Martin J, Fanen P, Goossens M. Identification of eight mutations and three sequence variations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Genomics. 1994 May 15;21(2):434-6. PMID:7522211 doi:https://dx.doi.org/S0888-7543(84)71290-0
↑Boteva K, Papageorgiou E, Georgiou C, Angastiniotis M, Middleton LT, Constantinou-Deltas CD. Novel cystic fibrosis mutation associated with mild disease in Cypriot patients. Hum Genet. 1994 May;93(5):529-32. PMID:7513296
↑Dork T, Mekus F, Schmidt K, Bosshammer J, Fislage R, Heuer T, Dziadek V, Neumann T, Kalin N, Wulbrand U, et al.. Detection of more than 50 different CFTR mutations in a large group of German cystic fibrosis patients. Hum Genet. 1994 Nov;94(5):533-42. PMID:7525450
↑Greil I, Wagner K, Rosenkranz W. A new missense mutation G1249E in exon 20 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Hum Hered. 1994 Jul-Aug;44(4):238-40. PMID:7520022
↑Petreska L, Koceva S, Gordova-Muratovska A, Nestorov R, Efremov GD. Identification of two new mutations (711 +3A-->G and V1397E) in CF chromosomes of Albanian and Macedonian origin. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Jun;3(6):999-1000. PMID:7524913
↑Schaedel C, Kristoffersson AC, Kornfalt R, Holmberg L. A novel cystic fibrosis mutation, Y109C, in the first transmembrane domain of CFTR. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Jun;3(6):1001-2. PMID:7524909
↑Chillon M, Casals T, Gimenez J, Nunes V, Estivill X. Analysis of the CFTR gene in the Spanish population: SSCP-screening for 60 known mutations and identification of four new mutations (Q30X, A120T, 1812-1 G-->A, and 3667del4). Hum Mutat. 1994;3(3):223-30. PMID:7517264 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.1380030308
↑Bienvenu T, Petitpretz P, Beldjord C, Kaplan JC. A missense mutation (F87L) in exon 3 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. Hum Mutat. 1994;3(4):395-6. PMID:8081395 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.1380030412
↑Brancolini V, Cremonesi L, Belloni E, Pappalardo E, Bordoni R, Seia M, Russo S, Padoan R, Giunta A, Ferrari M. Search for mutations in pancreatic sufficient cystic fibrosis Italian patients: detection of 90% of molecular defects and identification of three novel mutations. Hum Genet. 1995 Sep;96(3):312-8. PMID:7544319
↑Desgeorges M, Rodier M, Piot M, Demaille J, Claustres M. Four adult patients with the missense mutation L206W and a mild cystic fibrosis phenotype. Hum Genet. 1995 Dec;96(6):717-20. PMID:8522333
↑Zielenski J, Markiewicz D, Chen HS, Schappert K, Seller A, Durie P, Corey M, Tsui LC. Identification of six mutations (R31L, 441delA, 681delC, 1461ins4, W1089R, E1104X) in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Hum Mutat. 1995;5(1):43-7. PMID:7537150 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.1380050106
↑Verlingue C, Kapranov NI, Mercier B, Ginter EK, Petrova NV, Audrezet MP, Ferec C. Complete screening of mutations in the coding sequence of the CFTR gene in a sample of CF patients from Russia: identification of three novel alleles. Hum Mutat. 1995;5(3):205-9. PMID:7541273 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.1380050304
↑Romey MC, Desgeorges M, Ray P, Godard P, Demaille J, Claustres M. Novel missense mutation in the first transmembrane segment of the CFTR gene (Q98R) identified in a male adult. Hum Mutat. 1995;6(2):190-1. PMID:7581407 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.1380060216
↑Leoni GB, Pitzalis S, Podda R, Zanda M, Silvetti M, Caocci L, Cao A, Rosatelli MC. A specific cystic fibrosis mutation (T3381) associated with the phenotype of isolated hypotonic dehydration. J Pediatr. 1995 Aug;127(2):281-3. PMID:7543567
↑Ferec C, Novelli G, Verlingue C, Quere I, Dallapiccola B, Audrezet MP, Mercier B. Identification of six novel CFTR mutations in a sample of Italian cystic fibrosis patients. Mol Cell Probes. 1995 Apr;9(2):135-7. PMID:7541510
↑Messaoud T, Verlingue C, Denamur E, Pascaud O, Quere I, Fattoum S, Elion J, Ferec C. Distribution of CFTR mutations in cystic fibrosis patients of Tunisian origin: identification of two novel mutations. Eur J Hum Genet. 1996;4(1):20-4. PMID:8800923
↑Petreska L, Plaseska D, Koceva S, Stavljenic-Rukavina A, Efremov GD. A novel mutation in exon 12 (Y569C) of the CFTR gene identified in a patient of Croatian origin. Hum Mutat. 1996;7(4):374-5. PMID:8723693 doi:10.1002/humu.1380070402
↑Casals T, Pacheco P, Barreto C, Gimenez J, Ramos MD, Pereira S, Pinheiro JA, Cobos N, Curvelo A, Vazquez C, Rocha H, Seculi JL, Perez E, Dapena J, Carrilho E, Duarte A, Palacio AM, Nunes V, Lavinha J, Estivill X. Missense mutation R1066C in the second transmembrane domain of CFTR causes a severe cystic fibrosis phenotype: study of 19 heterozygous and 2 homozygous patients. Hum Mutat. 1997;10(5):387-92. PMID:9375855 doi:<387::AID-HUMU9>3.0.CO;2-C 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1997)10:5<387::AID-HUMU9>3.0.CO;2-C
↑Onay T, Topaloglu O, Zielenski J, Gokgoz N, Kayserili H, Camcioglu Y, Cokugras H, Akcakaya N, Apak M, Tsui LC, Kirdar B. Analysis of the CFTR gene in Turkish cystic fibrosis patients: identification of three novel mutations (3172delAC, P1013L and M1028I). Hum Genet. 1998 Feb;102(2):224-30. PMID:9521595
↑Bombieri C, Benetazzo M, Saccomani A, Belpinati F, Gile LS, Luisetti M, Pignatti PF. Complete mutational screening of the CFTR gene in 120 patients with pulmonary disease. Hum Genet. 1998 Dec;103(6):718-22. PMID:9921909
↑Vankeerberghen A, Wei L, Jaspers M, Cassiman JJ, Nilius B, Cuppens H. Characterization of 19 disease-associated missense mutations in the regulatory domain of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Hum Mol Genet. 1998 Oct;7(11):1761-9. PMID:9736778
↑Leoni GB, Pitzalis S, Tonelli R, Cao A. Identification of a novel mutation (S13F) in the CFTR gene in a CF patient of Sardinian origin. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(4):337. PMID:9554753
↑Feldmann D, Sardet A, Cougoureux E, Plouvier E, Fontaine JL, Tournier G, Aymard P. Identification of three novel mutations in the CFTR gene, R117P, deltaD192, and 3121-1G-->A in four French patients. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S78-80. PMID:9452048
↑Casals T, Ramos MD, Gimenez J, Nadal M, Nunes V, Estivill X. Paternal origin of a de novo novel CFTR mutation (L1065R) causing cystic fibrosis. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S99-102. PMID:9452054
↑Shackleton S, Harris A. A 2-amino acid insertion mutation (1243insACAAAA) in exon 7 of the CFTR gene. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S156-7. PMID:9452073
↑Mercier B, Verlingue C, Lissens W, Silber SJ, Novelli G, Bonduelle M, Audrezet MP, Ferec C. Is congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens a primary form of cystic fibrosis? Analyses of the CFTR gene in 67 patients. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Jan;56(1):272-7. PMID:7529962
↑Jezequel P, Dorval I, Fergelot P, Chauvel B, Le Treut A, Le Gall JY, Le Lannou D, Blayau M. Structural analysis of CFTR gene in congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens. Clin Chem. 1995 Jun;41(6 Pt 1):833-5. PMID:7539342
↑Bienvenu T, Bousquet S, Vidaud D, Hubert D, Francoual C, Beldjord C, Kaplan JC. A novel missense mutation D513G in exon 10 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene identified in a French CBAVD patient. Mutations in brief no. 175. Online. Hum Mutat. 1998;12(3):213-4. PMID:10651488
↑Ousingsawat J, Kongsuphol P, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. CFTR and TMEM16A are separate but functionally related Cl- channels. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2011;28(4):715-24. doi: 10.1159/000335765. Epub 2011 Dec, 14. PMID:22178883 doi:10.1159/000335765
↑Lewis HA, Wang C, Zhao X, Hamuro Y, Conners K, Kearins MC, Lu F, Sauder JM, Molnar KS, Coales SJ, Maloney PC, Guggino WB, Wetmore DR, Weber PC, Hunt JF. Structure and dynamics of NBD1 from CFTR characterized using crystallography and hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. J Mol Biol. 2010 Feb 19;396(2):406-30. Epub 2009 Nov 26. PMID:19944699 doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.11.051
