| Structural highlights
Disease
[MYH7_HUMAN] Defects in MYH7 are the cause of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy type 1 (CMH1) [MIM:192600]. Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a hereditary heart disorder characterized by ventricular hypertrophy, which is usually asymmetric and often involves the interventricular septum. The symptoms include dyspnea, syncope, collapse, palpitations, and chest pain. They can be readily provoked by exercise. The disorder has inter- and intrafamilial variability ranging from benign to malignant forms with high risk of cardiac failure and sudden cardiac death.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] Defects in MYH7 are the cause of myopathy myosin storage (MYOMS) [MIM:608358]. In this disorder, muscle biopsy shows type 1 fiber predominance and increased interstitial fat and connective tissue. Inclusion bodies consisting of the beta cardiac myosin heavy chain are present in the majority of type 1 fibers, but not in type 2 fibers.[53] [54] [55] Defects in MYH7 are the cause of scapuloperoneal myopathy MYH7-related (SPMM) [MIM:181430]; also known as scapuloperoneal syndrome myopathic type. SPMM is a progressive muscular atrophia beginning in the lower legs and affecting the shoulder region earlier and more severely than distal arm.[56] Defects in MYH7 are a cause of cardiomyopathy dilated type 1S (CMD1S) [MIM:613426]. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a disorder characterized by ventricular dilation and impaired systolic function, resulting in congestive heart failure and arrhythmia. Patients are at risk of premature death.[57] [58] [59] [60] Defects in MYH7 are the cause of myopathy distal type 1 (MPD1) [MIM:160500]. MPD1 is a muscular disorder characterized by early-onset selective weakness of the great toe and ankle dorsiflexors, followed by weakness of the finger extensors. Mild proximal weakness occasionally develops years later after the onset of the disease.[61] [62]
Function
[MYH7_HUMAN] Muscle contraction.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
We have investigated the folding of the myosin motor domain using a chimera of an embryonic striated muscle myosin II motor domain fused on its COOH terminus to a thermal stable, fast folding variant of green fluorescent protein (GFP). In in vitro expression assays, the GFP domain of the chimeric protein, S1(795)GFP, folds rapidly enabling us to monitor the folding of the motor domain using fluorescence. The myosin motor domain folds very slowly and transits through multiple intermediates that are detectable by gel filtration chromatography. The distribution of the nascent protein among these intermediates is strongly dependent upon temperature. At 25 degrees C and above the predominant product is an aggregate of S1(795)GFP or a complex with other lysate proteins. At 0 degrees C, the motor domain folds slowly via an energy independent pathway. The unusual temperature dependence and slow rate suggests that folding of the myosin motor is highly susceptible to off-pathway interactions and aggregation. Expression of the S1(795)GFP in the C2C12 muscle cell line yields a folded and functionally active protein that exhibits Mg(2+)ATP-sensitive actin-binding and myosin motor activity. In contrast, expression of S1(795)GFP in kidney epithelial cell lines (human 293 and COS 7 cells) results in an inactive and aggregated protein. The results of the in vitro folding assay suggest that the myosin motor domain does not fold spontaneously under physiological conditions and probably requires cytosolic chaperones. The expression studies support this conclusion and demonstrate that these factors are optimized in muscle cells.
Folding of the striated muscle myosin motor domain.,Chow D, Srikakulam R, Chen Y, Winkelmann DA J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 27;277(39):36799-807. Epub 2002 Jul 10. PMID:12110670[63]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
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- ↑ Chow D, Srikakulam R, Chen Y, Winkelmann DA. Folding of the striated muscle myosin motor domain. J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 27;277(39):36799-807. Epub 2002 Jul 10. PMID:12110670 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M204101200
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