4ojn | pdb_00004ojn
Crystal structure of human muscle L-lactate dehydrogenase
Structural highlights
Disease[LDHA_HUMAN] Defects in LDHA are the cause of glycogen storage disease type 11 (GSD11) [MIM:612933]. A metabolic disorder that results in exertional myoglobinuria, pain, cramps and easy fatigue.[1] Publication Abstract from PubMedLactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an essential metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate using NADH/NAD(+) as a co-substrate. Many cancer cells exhibit a glycolytic phenotype known as the Warburg effect, in which elevated LDH levels enhance the conversion of glucose to lactate, making LDH an attractive therapeutic target for oncology. Two known inhibitors of the human muscle LDH isoform, LDHA, designated 1 and 2, were selected, and their IC50 values were determined to be 14.4 +/- 3.77 and 2.20 +/- 0.15 microM, respectively. The X-ray crystal structures of LDHA in complex with each inhibitor were determined; both inhibitors bind to a site overlapping with the NADH-binding site. Further, an apo LDHA crystal structure solved in a new space group is reported, as well as a complex with both NADH and the substrate analogue oxalate bound in seven of the eight molecules and an oxalate only bound in the eighth molecule in the asymmetric unit. In this latter structure, a kanamycin molecule is located in the inhibitor-binding site, thereby blocking NADH binding. These structures provide insights into LDHA enzyme mechanism and inhibition and a framework for structure-assisted drug design that may contribute to new cancer therapies. Structures of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in apo, ternary and inhibitor-bound forms.,Kolappan S, Shen DL, Mosi R, Sun J, McEachern EJ, Vocadlo DJ, Craig L Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2015 Feb;71(Pt 2):185-95. doi:, 10.1107/S1399004714024791. Epub 2015 Jan 23. PMID:25664730[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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